The Export Control Order 2008

• Citation: S.I. 2008/3231
• Sections: 95

Section 1 Citation and commencement

This Order may be cited as the Export Control Order 2008 and shall come into force on 6th April 2009.

Section 2 Interpretation

(1) In this Order, the following expressions have the meanings given below, save where an expression is also defined in a Schedule where it has, for the purposes of that Schedule, that meaning—

“ aircraft ” means a fixed wing, swivel wing, rotary wing, tilt rotor or tilt wing vehicle or helicopter;

“ the assimilated dual-use Regulation ” means Council Regulation (EC) No 428/2009 of 5 May 2009 setting up a Community regime for the control of exports, transfer, brokering and transit of dual-use items (Recast);

“ category A goods ” means goods specified in Part 1 of Schedule 1;

“ category B goods ” means goods specified in Part 2 of Schedule 1;

“ category C goods ” means—

military goods other than goods specified in Schedule 1;

portable devices for the purpose of riot control or self-protection by the administration or dissemination of an incapacitating chemical substance;

pelargonic acid vanillylamide (PAVA) (CAS 2444-46-4);

oleoresin capsicum (OC) (CAS 8023-77-6);

“ CEMA ” means the Customs and Excise Management Act 1979 ;

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“ the Commissioners ” means the Commissioners for Her Majesty's Revenue and Customs;

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“ contract promotion activity ” means any act calculated to promote the arrangement or negotiation of a contract for the acquisition, disposal or movement of goods or any agreement to do such an act;

“ country ” includes territory;

“ the customs and excise Acts ” has the same meaning as in section 1 of CEMA;

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“ dual-use ” in relation to goods, software or technology, means usable for both civil and military purposes;

“ the dual-use Regulation ”, in relation to—

England and Wales and Scotland, means the assimilated dual-use Regulation;

Northern Ireland, means the EU dual-use Regulation;

“ embargoed destination ” means a country listed in Part 1 or 2 of Schedule 4;

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“ the EU dual-use Regulation ” means Regulation (EU) 2021/821 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 May 2021 setting up a Union regime for the control of exports, brokering, technical assistance, transit and transfer of dual-use items (recast) as it has effect by virtue of the Protocol on Ireland/Northern Ireland in the EU withdrawal agreement;

“ exportation ” shall be construed as follows—

unless the context otherwise requires, it only includes removal from the United Kingdom to a destination outside the United Kingdom and the Isle of Man;

it includes shipment as stores;

in relation to a vessel, vehicle, submersible vehicle or aircraft, it includes taking it out of the United Kingdom, notwithstanding that it is conveying goods or passengers and whether or not it is moving under its own power

and cognate expressions shall be construed accordingly;

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“ general ” in relation to a licence, means not granted to a particular person but available for use generally;

“ general export authorisation ” means—

in relation to England and Wales and Scotland, a assimilated general export authorisation within the meaning given in Article 2(9) of the assimilated dual-use Regulation;

in relation to Northern Ireland, a Union general export authorisation within the meaning given in Article 2(15) of the EU dual-use Regulation;

“ goods subject to trade controls ” means goods that are category A goods, category B goods or category C goods.

“ importation ” in relation to a vessel, vehicle, submersible vehicle or aircraft means taking it into the United Kingdom, notwithstanding that it is conveying goods or passengers and whether or not it is moving under its own power and cognate expressions shall be construed accordingly;

“individual” in relation to a licence, means granted to a particular person;

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“licence” except in article 45(2), means a UK licence or an authorisation granted under the dual-use Regulation or the torture Regulation;

“ licence user ” means a person who is registered under article 28 to use a general licence or who is entitled to use a general licence without registration owing to the terms of that general licence;

“ microprogramme ” means a sequence of elementary instructions, maintained in a special storage, the execution of which is initiated by the introduction of its reference instruction into an instruction register;

“ military ” in relation to goods, software and technology, means listed in Schedule 2;

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“ payment ” includes a payment in money or money's worth or in kind whether referable to a particular act or made from time to time but does not include a payment made by way of wages or salary;

“ programme ” means a sequence of instructions to carry out a process in, or convertible into, a form executable by an electronic computer;

“ proper ” has the same meaning as in CEMA;

“ in the public domain ” means available without restriction upon further dissemination (no account being taken of restrictions arising solely from copyright);

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“ scheduled journey ” means one of a series of journeys which are undertaken between the same two places and which together amount to a systematic service operated in such a manner that its benefits are available to members of the public from time to time seeking to take advantage of it;

“shipment” (and cognate expressions) and “stores” have the same meanings as in CEMA;

“ software ” means one or more programmes or microprogrammes fixed in any tangible medium of expression;

“ surface effect vehicle ” means any air cushion vehicle (whether side wall or skirted) and any vehicle using the wing-in-ground effect for positive lift;

“ technical assistance ” means any technical support related to repairs, development, manufacture, assembly, testing, use, maintenance or any other technical service;

“ technology ” means information (including but not limited to information comprised in software and documents such as blueprints, manuals, diagrams and designs) that is capable of use in connection with the development, production or use of any goods;

“ a third country ” means any country that is not the United Kingdom or the Isle of Man except that, for the purposes of Part 4 of this Order, goods that are goods in transit are considered to be located in a third country;

“ the torture Regulation ”, in relation to—

England and Wales and Scotland, means Regulation (EU) 2019/125 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 January 2019 concerning trade in certain goods which could be used for capital punishment, torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment;

Northern Ireland, means Regulation (EU) 2019/125 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 January 2019 concerning trade in certain goods which could be used for capital punishment, torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment as it has effect by virtue of the Protocol on Ireland/Northern Ireland in the EU withdrawal agreement;

“ transfer ”, in relation to software or technology, means transfer by electronic or non-electronic means (or any combination of electronic and non-electronic means) from a person or place within the United Kingdom to a person or place outside the United Kingdom, except in articles 10 and 11 where the limitations as to the origin and destination of the transfer do not apply, and cognate expressions shall be construed accordingly;

“transfer by electronic means”, in relation to software and technology, means transmission by facsimile, telephone or other electronic media, and includes the transmission of technology by describing it orally over the telephone;

“ transfer by non-electronic means ”, in relation to software or technology, means disclosure of software or technology by any means (or combination of means), including oral communication, other than as the exportation of goods or the transfer by electronic means;

“ in transit ” means imported into the United Kingdom for transit or transhipment;

“ transit or transhipment ”, in relation to goods, means transit through the United Kingdom or transhipment with a view to re-exportation of the goods or transhipment of the goods for use as stores;

“ UK controlled ” in relation to dual-use goods, software and technology, means listed in Schedule 3;

“ UK licence ” means a licence in writing granted by the Secretary of State that authorises an act or acts that would otherwise be prohibited by this Order;

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“ vehicle ” includes a railway carriage;

“ vessel ” includes any ship, surface effect vehicle, vessel of small waterplane area or hydrofoil, and the hull or part of the hull of a vessel;

“ WMD purposes ” means use in connection with the development, production, handling, operation, maintenance, storage, detection, identification or dissemination of chemical, biological or nuclear weapons or other nuclear explosive devices, or the development, production, maintenance or storage of missiles capable of delivering such weapons.

(2) Except in the definition of category C goods, tangible storage media on which military or dual-use software or technology is recorded are taken to be military or dual-use goods respectively.

(3) Any reference in this Order to time after an event is a reference to a period of that length of time beginning on the day of that event.

Section 2A Crown application

(1) The following articles bind the Crown—

(a) article 4 (movement of UK controlled dual-use goods, etc. to certain destinations);

(b) article 6 (WMD purposes end-use control supplementing the dual-use Regulation);

(c) article 8 (transit controls supplementing the dual-use Regulation);

(d) article 42L (export and transfer control in relation to Northern Ireland: dual-use goods, software, and technology); and

(e) article 42S (export control in relation to Northern Ireland: leg irons, gang chains, and portable electric shock devices).

(2) The Crown is not criminally liable as a result of a contravention of any of those articles.

(3) Paragraph (2) does not affect the application of those articles to persons in the public service of the Crown.

Section 3 Military goods, etc.

Subject to articles 13 to 18 and 26, no person shall—

(a) export military goods; or

(b) transfer military software or technology by electronic means.

Section 4 Movement of UK controlled dual-use goods, etc. to certain destinations

(1) Subject to articles 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18 and 26 , no person shall—

(a) export UK controlled dual-use goods; or

(b) transfer UK controlled dual-use software or technology by electronic means

if paragraph (2) or (3) applies.

(2) This paragraph applies where the destination is one specified in Schedule 3 as a prohibited destination in relation to the goods, software or technology in question (“a prohibited destination”).

(3) This paragraph applies where the destination is not a prohibited destination but the exporter or transferor knows—

(a) that the final destination of the goods, software or technology in question is a prohibited destination; and

(b) that no processing or working is to be performed on the goods, software or technology in question before they are exported or transferred to that final destination.

Section 4A Movement of certain medicinal products to the United States of America

(1) Subject to articles 17 and 26, no person shall export a human or veterinary medicinal product containing the active ingredient pancuronium bromide or propofol where—

(a) the product is in a form suitable for injection or for preparation of an injection; and

(b) paragraph (2) or (3) applies.

(2) This paragraph applies where the destination of the product is the United States of America.

(3) This paragraph applies where the destination is not the United States of America but the exporter knows that the final destination of the product is the United States of America.

Section 4B Movement of Libyan bank notes and coins

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Section 5 Movement of UK controlled dual-use goods, etc. within the customs territory

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Section 6 WMD purposes end-use control supplementing the dual-use Regulation

(1) This article applies where—

(a) a person (“the enquirer”) has grounds for suspecting that dual-use goods, software or technology are or may be intended, in their entirety or in part, for WMD purposes; and

(b) the goods, software or technology in question are not specified in Annex I to the dual-use Regulation.

(2) Subject to article 26, the enquirer shall not—

(a) export the goods in question; or

(b) transfer the software or technology in question by electronic means

to a destination outside the United Kingdom unless, having made all reasonable enquiries as to the proposed use of the goods, software or technology in question, the enquirer is satisfied that they will not be used for WMD purposes.

Section 7 Control on transfers within the customs territory supplementing the dual-use Regulation

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Section 8 Transit controls supplementing the dual-use Regulation

(1) Subject to articles 17 and 26, no person shall export goods listed in Annex I to the dual-use Regulation where the goods in question are entering and passing through the United Kingdom with a final destination outside the United Kingdom and the Isle of Man.

(2) Paragraph (3) applies where a person (“the exporter”)—

(a) has been informed by the Secretary of State that dual-use goods are or may be intended, in their entirety or in part, for purposes referred to in Article 4(1) (WMD purposes end-use control) of the assimilated dual-use Regulation or Article 4(1)(a) (WMD purposes end-use control) of the EU dual-use Regulation ; or

(b) is aware that dual-use goods specified are or may be intended, in their entirety or in part, for purposes referred to in Article 4(1) (WMD purposes end-use control) of the assimilated dual-use Regulation or Article 4(1)(a) (WMD purposes end-use control) of the EU dual-use Regulation ;

and the dual-use goods in question are goods which are not listed in Annex I to the dual-use Regulation and which are entering and passing through the United Kingdom with a final destination outside the United Kingdom and the Isle of Man.

(3) Subject to article 26, the exporter shall not export the goods in question.

Section 9 Provisions supplementing the torture Regulation

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Section 9A General prohibition

To the extent that, pursuant to any of articles 3 to 9 or 12A of this Order, a person may not export goods, the exportation of the goods in question is prohibited.

Section 10 Transfers within the United Kingdom for WMD purposes

(1) This article applies where a person (“ the transferor ”)—

(a) has been informed by the Secretary of State that software or technology is or may be intended, in its entirety or in part, for WMD purposes; or

(b) is aware that software or technology is intended, in its entirety or in part, for WMD purposes

and knows that it may be or is intended to be used outside the United Kingdom or has been informed by the Secretary of State that it may be or is intended to be so used.

(2) Subject to articles 18 and 26, the transferor shall not transfer the software or technology in question to a person or place within the United Kingdom.

Section 11 Transfers from outside the United Kingdom for WMD purposes

(1) This article applies where a United Kingdom person (“ the transferor ”)—

(a) has been informed by the Secretary of State that software or technology is or may be intended, in its entirety or in part, for WMD purposes; or

(b) is aware that software or technology is intended, in its entirety or in part, for WMD purposes.

(2) Subject to articles 18 and 26, the transferor shall not transfer the software or technology in question from a place outside the United Kingdom to—

(a) a destination outside the United Kingdom ; or

(b) a destination within the United Kingdom if the transferor—

(i) knows that the final destination of the software or technology is outside the United Kingdom ; and

(ii) knows that no processing or working is to be performed on the software or technology within the United Kingdom ,

or, if the destination is the United Kingdom, knows that the software or technology may be or is intended to be used outside the United Kingdom or has been informed by the Secretary of State that it may be or is intended to be so used.

Section 12 Transfers by non-electronic means from the United Kingdom for WMD purposes

(1) This article applies where a person (“ the transferor ”)—

(a) has been informed by the Secretary of State that software or technology is or may be intended, in its entirety or part, for WMD purposes; or

(b) is aware that software or technology is intended, in its entirety or in part, for WMD purposes.

(2) Subject to articles 18 and 26, the transferor shall not transfer the software or technology in question by non-electronic means to a destination outside the United Kingdom.

Section 12A Military end-use control supplementing the dual-use Regulation

(1) This article applies where a person (“a relevant person”)—

(a) has been informed by the Secretary of State that dual-use goods, software or technology are, or may be intended, in their entirety or in part, for use by a relevant entity, and

(b) the dual-use goods, software or technology in question are not specified in Annex I to the dual-use Regulation.

(2) Subject to articles 12B, 18 and 26, a relevant person shall not—

(a) export the goods in question, or

(b) transfer the software or technology in question by electronic means to a destination outside the United Kingdom.

(3) In this article, “ relevant entity ” means—

(a) any military forces, para-military forces, police forces, security services or intelligence services of a country that is one or more of the following—

(i) an embargoed destination,

(ii) subject to an arms embargo imposed by a decision of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, or

(iii) subject to an arms embargo imposed by a binding resolution of the Security Council of the United Nations, or

(b) any person involved in the procurement, research, development, production or use of dual-use goods, software or technology on behalf, or at the direction, of any of the entities mentioned in subparagraph (a).

Section 12B Exceptions to military end-use control supplementing the dual-use Regulation

(1) Nothing in article 12A shall be taken to prohibit—

(a) the export of medical goods, including medicines and medical devices, for the benefit of the civilian population of a country;

(b) the export of consumer goods generally available to the public, or

(c) the transfer of software or technology generally available to the public.

(2) For the purposes of paragraph (1), goods, software or technology are generally available to the public if they are—

(a) sold from stock at retail selling points without restriction, by means of—

(i) over the counter transactions,

(ii) mail order transactions,

(iii) electronic transactions, or

(iv) telephone order transactions, and

(b) designed for installation by the user without further substantial support by the supplier.

Section 13 Exceptions for aircraft

(1) Nothing in article 4 ... shall be taken to prohibit the exportation of any aircraft the immediately preceding importation of which was on a scheduled journey and which is intended for further scheduled journeys.

(2) Nothing in article 3 shall be taken to prohibit the exportation of any aircraft which is being exported (except to a country or destination specified in Part 1, 2 or 3 of Schedule 4) after temporary importation into the United Kingdom provided that—

(a) there has been no change of ownership or registration since such importation; and

(b) no military goods have been incorporated into the aircraft since such importation other than by way of replacement for a component essential for the departure of the aircraft.

(3) Nothing in article 4 ... shall be taken to prohibit the exportation of any aircraft on a scheduled journey.

(4) Nothing in article 3 or 4 shall be taken to prohibit the exportation of any aircraft which is departing temporarily from the United Kingdom on trials.

Section 14 Exceptions for vessels

(1) Nothing in article 3 shall be taken to prohibit the exportation of any vessel registered or constructed outside the United Kingdom which is being exported (except to a country or destination specified in Part 1, 2 or 3 of Schedule 4) after temporary importation into the United Kingdom provided that no military goods have been incorporated into the vessel since such importation other than by way of replacement for a component essential for the departure of the vessel.

(2) Nothing in article 4 ... shall be taken to prohibit the exportation of any vessel proceeding on a journey providing transport services in the ordinary course of business.

(3) Nothing in article 3 or 4 shall be taken to prohibit the exportation of any vessel which is departing temporarily from the United Kingdom on trials.

Section 14A Exception for historic military vehicles

(1) The prohibition on the export of military goods in article 3 does not apply to the export of a vehicle or component falling within entry ML6 in Schedule 2 provided that the following conditions are met.

(2) The conditions are that—

(a) the vehicle or component was manufactured more than 50 years before the date of exportation;

(b) the exportation is to a destination in Belgium, France or Germany;

(c) the exportation is for the purposes of a military re-enactment, commemorative event or recreational activity; and

(d) the vehicle or component is to be returned to the United Kingdom within 3 months of the date of exportation.

Section 15 Exception for firearms – European firearms pass

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Section 16 Exception for firearms – firearm or shot gun certificate or permit

(1) This article applies to firearms authorised to be possessed or, as the case may be, purchased or acquired by—

(a) a firearm certificate or shot gun certificate granted under the Firearms Act 1968;

(b) a visitor's firearm or shot gun permit granted under section 17 of the Firearms (Amendment) Act 1988 ;

(c) a firearm certificate granted under the Firearms (Northern Ireland) Order 1981 ; or

(d) a firearm certificate granted under the Firearms Act 1947 (an Act of Tynwald) as amended by the Firearms Act 1968 (an Act of Tynwald) and the Air Guns and Shot Guns, etc Act 1968 (an Act of Tynwald) .

(2) Articles 3 (military goods, etc.) and 4 (movement of UK-controlled dual-use goods, etc. to certain destinations) do not apply in relation to a person who exports a firearm to which this article applies if—

(a) the firearm, and any related ammunition or sight using non-electronic image enhancement, is a part of the personal effects of the person; and

(b) the person—

(i) is a part of the armed forces, a police force, or a public authority, of the United Kingdom;

(ii) is, subject to paragraph (3), not required to have an export authorisation by virtue of Article 4 of the firearms Regulation because the person meets the requirements set out in Article 9(1)(a) of that Regulation (exception for hunters and sport shooters); or

(iii) holds in relation to the firearm a certificate of the type specified in paragraph (1)(d) (Manx firearm certificate).

(3) Paragraph (2)(b)(ii) applies only if the export of the firearm is to a country or territory that is neither an embargoed destination nor a country or territory listed in Part 3 of Schedule 4 (countries and territories subject to transit control for military goods).

(4) In this article, “ firearms Regulation ”, in relation to—

(a) England and Wales and Scotland, means Regulation (EU) No 258/2012 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 March 2012 implementing Article 10 of the United Nations' Protocol against the illicit manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms, their parts and components and ammunition, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organised Crime (UN Firearms Protocol), and establishing export authorisation, and import and transit measures for firearms, their parts and components and ammunition;

(b) Northern Ireland, means Regulation (EU) No 258/2012 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 March 2012 implementing Article 10 of the United Nations' Protocol against the illicit manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms, their parts and components and ammunition, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organised Crime (UN Firearms Protocol), and establishing export authorisation, and import and transit measures for firearms, their parts and components and ammunition as it has effect by virtue of the Protocol on Ireland/Northern Ireland in the EU withdrawal agreement.

Section 17 Transit or transhipment exception

(1) Subject to paragraphs (2) and (3), nothing in articles 3, 4 ..., 4A ... ... or 8(1) shall be taken to prohibit the exportation of any goods which are goods in transit provided that the condition in paragraph (4) is met .

(2) Paragraph (1) does not apply to—

(a) anti-personnel landmines and components specially designed for them;

(b) category A goods;

(c) equipment, software or technology falling within entry ML18, ML21 or ML22 in Schedule 2, specifically related to anti-personnel landmines or Category A goods;

(d) goods being exported to a destination specified in Part 1 of Schedule 4;

(e) military goods being exported to any country or destination specified in Part 2 or 3 of Schedule 4;

(f) category B goods being exported to any country or destination specified in Part 4 of Schedule 4.

(3) Paragraph (1) does not apply to the extent that—

(a) the exporter (or, if the exporter is not within the United Kingdom, any agent of the exporter within the United Kingdom concerned in the exportation or intended exportation) has been informed by the Secretary of State that the goods are or may be intended, in their entirety or in part, for WMD purposes;

(b) the exporter is aware that the goods are intended, in their entirety or in part, for WMD purposes; or

(c) the exporter has grounds for suspecting that the goods are or may be intended, in their entirety or in part, for WMD purposes, unless the exporter has made all reasonable enquiries as to their proposed use and is satisfied that they will not be so used.

(4) The condition is that the goods in question remain on board a vessel, aircraft or vehicle for the entire period that they remain in the United Kingdom or are goods on a through bill of lading, through the air waybill or single transport contract and in any event are exported before the end of the period of 30 days beginning with the date of their importation.

Section 18 Software and technology exceptions

(1) Nothing in article 3 or 4 shall be taken to prohibit the transfer of technology—

(a) that is in the public domain;

(b) that is the minimum technology required for—

(i) the installation, operation, maintenance or repair of goods or software that are not military goods or software or UK controlled dual-use goods or software; or

(ii) a patent application; or

(c) in the course of basic scientific research.

(2) Nothing in article 10, 11, 12 or 12A shall be taken to prohibit the transfer of software or technology in the public domain.

(3) In this article, “ basic scientific research ” means experimental or theoretical work undertaken principally to acquire new knowledge of the fundamental principles of phenomena or observable facts and not primarily directed towards a specific practical aim or objective.

Section 19 End-use control on technical assistance

(1) Subject to article 26, no person shall directly or indirectly provide to a person or place outside the United Kingdom any technical assistance related to the supply, delivery, manufacture, maintenance or use of anything which—

(a) that person has been informed by the Secretary of State is or may be intended, in its entirety or in part, for WMD purposes; or

(b) that person is aware is intended, in its entirety or in part, for WMD purposes.

(2) Subject to article 26, no United Kingdom person shall directly or indirectly provide from a place outside the United Kingdom to any person or place outside the United Kingdom any technical assistance related to the supply, delivery, manufacture, maintenance or use of anything which—

(a) that person has been informed by the Secretary of State is or may be intended, in its entirety or in part, for WMD purposes; or

(b) that person is aware is intended, in its entirety or in part, for WMD purposes.

(3) For the purposes of paragraphs (1) and (2)—

(a) directly providing technical assistance includes providing technical assistance or agreeing to do so; and

(b) indirectly providing technical assistance includes making arrangements under which another person provides technical assistance or agrees to do so.

Section 20 Embargoed destinations

(1) This article applies to—

(a) persons carrying out activities in the United Kingdom; and

(b) United Kingdom persons.

(2) Subject to articles 25 and 26, no person to whom this article applies shall directly or indirectly—

(a) supply or deliver;

(b) agree to supply or deliver; or

(c) do any act calculated to promote the supply or delivery of

any goods subject to trade controls from one third country to another third country that is an embargoed destination.

Section 21 Category A goods

(1) This article applies to—

(a) persons carrying out activities in the United Kingdom; and

(b) United Kingdom persons.

(2) Subject to articles ... 25 and 26, no person to whom this article applies shall directly or indirectly—

(a) supply or deliver;

(b) agree to supply or deliver; or

(c) do any act calculated to promote the supply or delivery of

any category A goods, where that person knows or has reason to believe that such action or actions will, or may, result in the removal of those goods from one third country to another third country.

Section 22 Category B goods

(1) This article applies to—

(a) persons carrying out activities in the United Kingdom; and

(b) United Kingdom persons.

(2) Subject to paragraphs (3), (4) and (7) and to articles 25 and 26, no person to whom this article applies shall directly or indirectly—

(a) supply or deliver;

(b) agree to supply or deliver; or

(c) do any act calculated to promote the supply or delivery of

any category B goods, where that person knows or has reason to believe that such action or actions will, or may, result in the removal of those goods from one third country to another third country.

(3) Nothing in this article shall be taken to prohibit the provision of—

(a) financing or financial services;

(b) insurance or reinsurance services; or

(c) general advertising or promotion services

by a person whose only involvement in the activities described in paragraph (2) is to provide or agree to provide such services.

(4) A person (“the transporter”) whose only involvement in the activities described in paragraph (2) is to provide or agree to provide transportation services in relation to category B goods (“the relevant goods”) only contravenes the prohibition in this article if paragraph (5) or (6) applies.

(5) This paragraph applies if the transporter arranges the removal of the relevant goods from one third country to another third country.

(6) This paragraph applies if the transporter, otherwise than in the course of providing services to another person—

(a) to whom this article applies; and

(b) who has agreed to provide transportation services in relation to the relevant goods,

removes or agrees to remove the relevant goods from one third country to another third country.

(7) Nothing in this article shall be taken to prohibit any contract promotion activity that is carried out otherwise than for payment.

Section 23 Category C goods

(1) Subject to paragraphs (2) and (3) and to articles ... 25 and 26, no person shall directly or indirectly—

(a) agree to supply or deliver; or

(b) do any act calculated to promote the supply or delivery of

any category C goods, where that person knows or has reason to believe that such action or actions will, or may, result in the removal of those goods from one third country to another third country.

(2) Nothing in this article shall be taken to prohibit the provision of—

(a) transportation services;

(b) financing or financial services;

(c) insurance or reinsurance services; or

(d) general advertising or promotion services

by a person whose only involvement in the activities described in paragraph (1) is to provide or agree to provide such services.

(3) Nothing in this article shall be taken to prohibit any contract promotion activity that is carried out otherwise than for payment.

Section 24 Exception for movement of goods within the customs territory

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Section 25 Exception for activities carried out in the Isle of Man

Nothing in this Part shall be taken to prohibit activities carried out in the Isle of Man.

Section 26 Licences

(1) Nothing in Part 2, 3 or 4 prohibits an activity that is carried out under the authority of a UK licence.

(2) Unless it provides otherwise, a UK licence to export goods, or to transfer software, specified in Schedule 2 or 3 also authorises the export or transfer of the minimum technology required for the installation, operation, maintenance and repair of the goods or software to the same destination as the goods or software .

(3) A UK licence to supply or deliver goods subject to trade controls also authorises—

(a) agreeing to supply or deliver; or

(b) doing any act calculated to promote the supply or delivery of

the goods.

(4) The Secretary of State may grant authorisations for the purposes of—

(a) Article 9 (rules about export authorisations) of the assimilated dual-use Regulation; and

(b) Articles 12 (rules about export authorisations) and 13 (rules about authorisations for brokering and technical assistance) of the EU dual-use Regulation.

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(6) A licence granted by the Secretary of State may be—

(a) either general or granted to a particular person ...;

(b) limited so as to expire on a specified date unless renewed;

(c) subject to, or without, conditions and any such condition may require any act or omission before or after the doing of the act authorised by the licence.

Section 27 Person authorised by UK licence to export goods

(1) For the purpose of article 26(1), but subject to paragraph (2) below, the exportation of goods to any destination outside the United Kingdom shall be regarded as being under the authority of a UK licence to, or for the benefit of, a particular person (“the licence holder”) only if—

(a) the licence holder is the person on whose behalf the exportation declaration is made , where an export declaration is required, and

(b) the licence holder is established within the United Kingdom and either—

(i) the licence holder is the owner of the goods or has a similar right of disposal over them; or

(ii) if no person who is the owner of the goods or has a similar right of disposal over them is established within the United Kingdom , the licence holder is a party to one or more contracts under which the ownership of the goods or a similar right of disposal over them has passed to a person not established within the United Kingdom and pursuant to which the goods are to be, are being or have been exported from the United Kingdom .

(2) Paragraph (1) does not apply if no person falls within sub-paragraph (b) of that paragraph or if the exportation is of goods imported into the United Kingdom for transit or transhipment.

Section 28 Registration with the Secretary of State

(1) Not later than 30 days after—

(a) any person first does any act under the authority of a general licence granted by the Secretary of State that does not provide otherwise;

(b) any person established in the United Kingdom first does any act under the authority of the general export authorisation ,

the person in question shall give to the Secretary of State written notice of their name and the address at which copies of the records referred to in article 29(1) ... of this Order or the record-keeping provision of the dual-use Regulation may be inspected by any person authorised by the Secretary of State or the Commissioners under article 31.

(2) A person who has given to the Secretary of State written notice of particulars under paragraph (1) shall, not later than 30 days after any change in those particulars, give to the Secretary of State notice of the changed particulars.

(3) In this article, the “ record-keeping provision ” means—

(a) for the assimilated dual-use Regulation, Article 20(1);

(b) for the EU dual-use Regulation, Article 27(1).

Section 28A Certificates (European military items)

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Section 29 Record keeping – general

(1) The following must keep detailed registers or records—

(a) a person who acts under the authority of a general licence granted by the Secretary of State;

(b) a person who acts under the authority of the general export authorisation whilst established in the United Kingdom . ...

(c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(2) The registers or records shall contain sufficient detail as may be necessary to allow the following information, where appropriate, to be identified in relation to each act carried out under the authority referred to in paragraph (1)—

(a) a description of the act;

(b) a description of the goods, software or technology to which the act relates;

(c) the date of the act or the dates between which the act took place;

(d) the quantity of the goods (if any) to which the act relates;

(e) the name and address of the person referred to in paragraph (1);

(f) the name and address of any consignee of the goods to which the act relates or any recipient of the software or technology to which the act relates;

(g) in so far as it is known to the person referred to in paragraph (1), the name and address of the end-user of the goods, software or technology to which the act relates;

(h) if different from the person referred to in paragraph (1), the name and address of the supplier of the goods (if any) to which the act relates;

(i) any further information required by the licence or authorisation referred to in paragraph (1).

(3) The registers or records referred to in paragraph (1) shall be kept—

(a) in the case of a general licence authorising an activity that would otherwise be prohibited by Part 4 of this Order, for at least four years from the end of the calendar year in which the authorised act took place;

(b) in any other case, for at least three years from the end of the calendar year in which the authorised act took place

or for such longer period as may be specified in the licence or authorisation referred to in paragraph (1).

(4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Section 30 Registration and record keeping – information security items

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Section 31 Inspection of records

(1) A person (“a relevant person”) who is required under article 29 ... of this Order, or Article 20(1) or (2) (record-keeping) of the assimilated dual-use Regulation or Article 27(1) or (2) (record-keeping) of the EU dual-use Regulation to keep registers, records or documents (“compulsory records”) shall permit those compulsory records to be inspected and copied by a person authorised by the Secretary of State or the Commissioners.

(2) A person authorised by the Secretary of State or the Commissioners who produces, if required to do so, a duly authenticated document showing their authority, shall have the right at any reasonable hour to enter for the purpose of paragraph (1)—

(a) in the case of compulsory records required to be kept under article 29 ... of this Order, the premises the address of which has been most recently notified to the Secretary of State under article 28 in relation to the records; or

(b) in the case of compulsory records required to be kept under Article 20(1) or (2) (record-keeping) of the assimilated dual-use Regulation or Article 27(1) or (2) (record-keeping) of the EU dual-use Regulation , the premises the address of which has been most recently notified to the Secretary of State under article 28 in relation to the records or, if none, such other premises the address of which has been notified for this purpose.

(3) Where a relevant person keeps compulsory records in a form which is not legible, the relevant person shall at the request of a person authorised by the Secretary of State or the Commissioners reproduce the relevant records in a legible form.

Section 32 Amendment, suspension and revocation of licences

(1) The Secretary of State may by notice—

(a) amend, suspend or revoke a licence granted by the Secretary of State;

(b) suspend or revoke a general licence granted by the Secretary of State as it applies to a particular licence user.

(2) A notice by the Secretary of State under paragraph (1), under Article 13 (suspension, revocation, etc. of authorisations) of the assimilated dual-use Regulation, under Article 16(1) (suspension, revocation, etc. of export authorisations) or (4) (suspension, revocation etc. of brokering and technical assistance authorisations) of the EU dual-use Regulation or under Article 21(5) (suspension, revocation, etc. of authorisations) of the torture Regulation shall not take effect until—

(a) in the case of a notice affecting all users of a general licence, it has been published in a manner appearing to the Secretary of State to be suitable for securing that the notice is seen by persons likely to be affected by it;

(b) in any other case, it has been served on the holder of the licence or on the licence user affected.

Section 33 Licence refusals, etc. and appeals

(1) In the event that the Secretary of State decides not to grant a licence to any person who has applied for one, the applicant shall be provided with a written notification setting out the reason or reasons for the decision.

(2) In the event that the Secretary of State decides to suspend a licence other than a general licence, or to suspend a general licence as it applies to a particular licence user, the licence holder or licence user shall be provided with a written notification setting out the terms of the suspension and the reason or reasons for the decision.

(3) In the event that the Secretary of State decides to revoke a licence other than a general licence, or to revoke a general licence as it applies to a particular licence user, the licence holder or licence user shall be provided with a written notification setting out the reason or reasons for the decision.

(4) In the event that the Secretary of State decides to amend a licence other than a general licence, and does not do so at the request of the licence holder, the licence holder shall be provided with a written notification setting out the reason or reasons for the decision.

(5) Any person who has a right under any of paragraphs (1) to (4) to a written notification in respect of a decision made by the Secretary of State shall have 28 days beginning with the date of the written notification in which to submit an appeal against the decision in writing to the Secretary of State, Export Control Organisation, Department for Business and Trade .

(6) Any appeal submitted under paragraph (5) shall specify the grounds on which that appeal is made and may provide further information or arguments in support of the appeal.

(7) Pending determination of any appeal submitted under paragraph (5), any decision taken by the Secretary of State shall continue to have effect.

Section 33A Certificates: refusals, etc. and appeals

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Section 34 Offences relating to prohibitions in Parts 2, 3 and 4

(1) Subject to paragraphs (2) and (7), a person who contravenes a prohibition in Part 2 or 4 of this Order commits an offence and shall be liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding level 4 on the standard scale.

(2) A person who—

(a) did not know, and had no reason to suppose, that the goods referred to in article 20 were destined for an embargoed destination; and

(b) is able to show the matters stated in sub-paragraph (a)

shall not be guilty of an offence under paragraph (1) by reason of a contravention of the prohibition in article 20.

(3) A person who contravenes a prohibition in Part 2 or 3 of this Order that is engaged because the person—

(a) has been informed;

(b) is aware; or

(c) has grounds for suspecting

that goods, software or technology are or may be intended, in their entirety or in part, for WMD purposes commits an offence and may be arrested.

(3A) A person who contravenes a prohibition in Part 2 of this Order that is engaged because the person has been informed by the Secretary of State that dual-use goods, software or technology are or may be intended, in their entirety or in part, for use by a relevant entity referred to in article 12A (military end-use control supplementing the dual-use Regulation), commits an offence and may be arrested.

(4) A person guilty of an offence under paragraph (3) or (3A) shall be liable—

(a) on summary conviction—

(i) in ... Scotland, to a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding twelve months, or to both;

(ii) in Northern Ireland, to a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding six months, or to both; or

(iii) in England and Wales, to a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding the general limit in a magistrates’ court, or to both; or

(b) on conviction on indictment to a fine or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding two years, or to both.

(5) Subject to paragraph (7), a person knowingly concerned in activity prohibited by Part 2, 3 or 4 of this Order with intent to evade the relevant prohibition commits an offence and may be arrested.

(6) A person guilty of an offence under paragraph (5) shall be liable—

(a) on summary conviction—

(i) in ... Scotland, to a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding twelve months, or to both;

(ii) in Northern Ireland, to a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding six months, or to both; or

(iii) in England and Wales, to a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding the general limit in a magistrates’ court, or to both; or

(b) on conviction on indictment to a fine or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding ten years, or to both.

(7) Paragraphs (1) and (5) do not create offences related to prohibitions on the exportation of goods (as to which see CEMA).

(8) In paragraphs (4)(a)(iii) and (6)(a)(iii) as they apply to England and Wales in the case of an offence committed before 2nd May 2022 , for “ the general limit in a magistrates’ court ” substitute “six months”.

Section 35 Offences relating to prohibitions and restrictions in the assimilated dual-use Regulation

(1) Subject to paragraph (8), a person who contravenes a prohibition or restriction in Article 3(1) (controls on listed goods), 4(2) (military end-use control), 4(3) (end-use control relating to use in items exported or transferred without authorisation) ... of the assimilated dual-use Regulation commits an offence and shall be liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding level 4 on the standard scale.

(2) A person who—

(a) contravenes a prohibition or restriction in Article 4(1) (WMD purposes end-use control) or Article 5(1) (brokering services) of the assimilated dual-use Regulation ; or

(b) fails to comply with the requirement in Article 4(4) (requirement to notify the Secretary of State in the case of awareness of end-use for certain military or WMD purposes) of the assimilated dual-use Regulation

commits an offence and may be arrested.

(3) A person guilty of an offence under paragraph (2) shall be liable—

(a) on summary conviction in ... Scotland, to a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding twelve months, or to both; or

(iii) in England and Wales, to a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding the general limit in a magistrates’ court, or to both; or

(b) on conviction on indictment to a fine or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding two years, or to both.

(4) Subject to paragraph (8), a person knowingly concerned in an activity prohibited or restricted by Article 3(1), 4(1), 4(2), 4(3) , 5(1) ... of the assimilated dual-use Regulation with intent to evade the relevant prohibition or restriction commits an offence and may be arrested.

(5) A person guilty of an offence under paragraph (4) shall be liable—

(a) on summary conviction in ... Scotland, to a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding twelve months, or to both; or

(iii) in England and Wales, to a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding the general limit in a magistrates’ court, or to both; or

(b) on conviction on indictment to a fine or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding ten years, or to both.

(6) A person who fails to comply with Article 9(2) (provision of relevant information for export authorisation applications) or 10(2) (provision of relevant information for authorisation applications for brokering services) of the assimilated dual-use Regulation commits an offence and shall be liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding level 4 on the standard scale and any licence which may have been granted in connection with the application shall be void as from the time it was granted.

(7) A person who fails to comply with Article 20 (record-keeping) ... of the assimilated dual-use Regulation commits an offence and shall be liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding level 4 on the standard scale.

(8) Paragraphs (1) and (4) do not create offences related to prohibitions or restrictions on the exportation of goods from the United Kingdom (as to which see CEMA).

(9) In paragraphs (3)(a)(iii) and (5)(a)(iii) as they apply to England and Wales in the case of an offence committed before 2nd May 2022 , for “ the general limit in a magistrates’ court ” substitute “six months” .

Section 36 Offences relating to prohibitions and restrictions in the torture Regulation

(1) A person who contravenes a prohibition or restriction in Article 3(1) (export prohibition) of the torture Regulation in respect of the supply of technical assistance as defined in the torture regulation commits an offence and shall be liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding level 4 on the standard scale.

(2) A person knowingly concerned in the provision of technical assistance as defined in the torture Regulation with intent to evade the prohibition on the provision of technical assistance in article 3(1) of the torture Regulation commits an offence and may be arrested.

(3) A person guilty of an offence under paragraph (2) shall be liable—

(a) on summary conviction—

(i) in ... Scotland, to a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding twelve months, or to both;

(ii) in Northern Ireland, to a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding six months, or to both; or

(iii) in England and Wales, to a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding the general limit in a magistrates’ court, or to both; or

(b) on conviction on indictment to a fine or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding ten years, or to both.

(4) A person who contravenes a prohibition or restriction in Article 4(1) (import prohibition) of the torture Regulation in respect of the acceptance of technical assistance as defined in the torture Regulation commits an offence and shall be liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding level 4 on the standard scale.

(5) A person knowingly concerned in the acceptance of technical assistance as defined in the torture Regulation with intent to evade the prohibition on the acceptance of technical assistance in article 4(1) of the torture Regulation commits an offence and may be arrested.

(6) A person guilty of an offence under paragraph (5) shall be liable—

(a) on summary conviction—

(i) in ... Northern Ireland, to a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding three months, or to both; or

(ii) in Scotland, to a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding twelve months, or to both; or

(iii) in England and Wales, to a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding the general limit in a magistrates’ court, or to both; or

(b) on conviction on indictment to a fine or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding two years, or to both.

(7) A person who fails to comply with Article 20(8) (provision of relevant information for licence applications) of the torture Regulation commits an offence and shall be liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding level 4 on the standard scale and any licence which may have been granted in connection with the application shall be void as from the time it was granted.

(8) In paragraphs (3)(a)(iii) and (6)(a)(iii) as it applies to England and Wales in the case of an offence committed before 2nd May 2022 , for “ the general limit in a magistrates’ court ” substitute “six months” .

Section 36A Further offences relating to the prohibitions etc. in the torture Regulation

(1) In this article—

(a) references to “Articles” are references to articles in the torture Regulation; and

(b) “brokering services” and “transit” bear the same meaning as they have in that regulation.

(2) A person who is concerned in an activity prohibited by Article 5(1) (prohibition of transit), Article 6 (prohibition of brokering services), Article 7 (prohibition of training), Article 8 (trade fairs) or Article 9 (advertising) commits an offence.

(3) A person who fails to comply with Article 15(1) (authorisation requirement for certain services) or Article 19(1) (authorisation requirement for certain services) commits an offence.

(4) A person who is knowingly concerned in an activity prohibited by Article 5(1) , Article 6 , Article 7 , Article 8 , Article 9 , Article 13 (prohibition of transit) or Article 18 (prohibition of transit) with intent to evade that prohibition commits an offence and may be arrested.

(5) A person who knowingly fails to comply with Article 15(1) or Article 19(1) with intent to evade the requirements in those Articles commits an offence and may be arrested.

(6) A person guilty of an offence under paragraph (2) or (3) is liable upon summary conviction to a fine not exceeding level 4 on the standard scale.

(7) A person guilty of an offence under paragraph (4) or (5) is liable—

(a) on summary conviction—

(i) in England and Wales, to a fine or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding three months, or to both;

(ii) in Scotland and Northern Ireland, to a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding six months, or to both; or

(b) on conviction on indictment to a fine or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding two years, or to both.

Section 37 Misleading applications for licences ...

(1) Where for the purpose of obtaining a licence ... a person (“ the applicant ”) either—

(a) makes a statement or furnishes a document or information which to the applicant's knowledge is false in a material particular; or

(b) recklessly makes a statement or furnishes a document or information which is false in a material particular

the applicant commits an offence and any licence ... that has been granted in connection with the application for which the false statement was made or the false document or information was furnished is void as from the time it was granted.

(2) A person guilty of an offence under paragraph (1) shall be liable—

(a) on summary conviction—

(i) in England and Wales or Northern Ireland, to a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding three months, or to both;

(ii) in Scotland, to a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding twelve months, or to both; or

(b) on conviction on indictment to a fine or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding two years, or to both.

Section 38 Failure to comply with licence conditions

(1) A person who, having acted under the authority of a licence or the general export authorisation , fails to comply with—

(a) any of the requirements or conditions to which the licence or the general export authorisation is subject; or

(b) any obligation under article 28, 29 ... or 31

commits an offence unless paragraph (2) applies.

(2) This paragraph applies if—

(a) the licence was modified after the completion of the act authorised; and

(b) the alleged failure to comply would not have been a failure had the licence not been so modified.

(3) A person guilty of an offence under paragraph (1) shall be liable—

(a) on summary conviction—

(i) in England and Wales or Northern Ireland, to a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding three months, or to both;

(ii) in Scotland, to a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding twelve months, or to both; or

(b) on conviction on indictment to a fine or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding two years, or to both.

Section 39 Customs powers to require evidence of destination

(1) This article applies where a person (“the exporter”) has exported goods and required a licence to do so.

(2) The Commissioners may require the exporter to provide within such time as the Commissioners may determine evidence of the destination to which the goods in question were delivered.

(3) A person who fails to comply with a requirement imposed by the Commissioners under paragraph (2) commits an offence and shall be liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding level 4 on the standard scale.

Section 40 Customs powers relating to dual-use goods

(1) Goods in relation to which a licence has not been granted and which are brought to any place in the United Kingdom for the purpose of being exported may be detained by the proper officer of Her Majesty's Revenue and Customs as if they were liable to forfeiture, if and so long as that officer has reason to believe that the Secretary of State (after, if necessary, having had the impending exportation brought to the Secretary of State's attention) might inform the exporter—

(a) that the goods are or may be intended, in their entirety or in part, for WMD purposes; ...

(b) as provided in—

(i) Article 4(2) (military end-use control) or (3) (end-use control relating to use in items exported or transferred without authorisation) of the assimilated dual-use Regulation; or

(ii) Articles 4(1)(b) (military end-use control) or (c) (end-use control relating to use in items exported or transferred without authorisation), 5(1) (cyber-surveillance end-use control) or 10(1) (national control lists pursuant to Article 9) of the EU dual-use Regulation; or

(c) that the goods are or may be intended, in their entirety or in part, for use by a relevant entity referred to in article 12A (military end-use control supplementing the dual-use Regulation).

(2) Any goods listed in Annex I to the assimilated dual-use Regulation in relation to which a licence has been granted which are brought to any place in Great Britain for the purpose of being exported to a destination outside the United Kingdom may be detained by a proper officer of Her Majesty's Revenue and Customs for a period of ten working days as if they were liable to forfeiture where that officer or the Secretary of State has grounds for suspicion that—

(a) relevant information was not taken into account when the licence was granted; or

(b) circumstances have materially changed since the issue of the licence ....

(2A) Any dual-use goods in relation to which a licence has been granted which are brought to any place in Northern Ireland for the purpose of being exported to a destination outside the United Kingdom may be detained by a proper officer of Her Majesty’s Revenue and Customs for a period of ten working days as if they were liable to forfeiture where that officer or the Secretary of State has—

(a) grounds for suspicion that—

(i) relevant information was not taken into account when the licence was granted;

(ii) circumstances have materially changed since the grant of the licence; or

(b) relevant information regarding the potential application of measures under Article 4(1) of the EU dual-use Regulation.

(2B) For the purposes of paragraph (2A), the period of ten working days shall be extended to 30 working days where the Secretary of State certifies that a request for such an extension in accordance with Article 21(4) (consultation requirement) of the EU dual-use Regulation has been received from the member State which granted the licence.

(3) In this article, “ working day ” means a day that is not a Saturday or Sunday, Christmas Day, Good Friday or any day that is a bank holiday under the Banking and Financial Dealings Act 1971 in the part of the United Kingdom where the goods referred to in paragraph (2) have been detained.