The following examples illustrate how swaps should be converted into futures equivalents. In general the total notional quantity for each swap should be apportioned to referent futures months based on the fraction of days remaining in the life of the swap during each referent futures month to the total duration of the swap, measured in days. The terms used in the examples are to be understood in a manner that is consistent with industry practice.
Example 1—Fixed for Floating WTI Crude Oil Swap Linked to a DCM Contract
Reference Price
Daily official next to expire contract price for the NYMEX Light Sweet Crude Oil Futures Contract (“WTI”) in $/bbl through the NYMEX spot month.
Fixed Price
$80.00 per barrel.
Floating Price
The arithmetic average of the reference price during the pricing period.
Notional Quantity
100,000 bbls/month.
Calculation Period
One month.
Fixed Price Payer
Company A.
Floating Price Payer
Company B.
Settlement Type
Financial.
Swap Term
Six full months from January 1 to June 30.
Floating Amount
Floating Price * Notional Quantity.
Fixed Amount
Fixed Price * Notional Quantity.
NYMEX WTI trading in the next to expire futures contract ceases on the third business day prior to the 25th of the calendar month preceding the contract month. For simplicity in this example, the last trading day in each WTI futures contract is shown as the 22nd of the month.
Futures Equivalent Position on January 1
Total Notional Quantity = 6 months * 100,000 bbls/month = 600,000 bbls
1,000 bbl = 1 futures contract
Therefore 600,000 bbls/1,000 bbls/contract = 600 futures equivalent contracts
Total number of days in swap term = 31 + 28 + 31 + 30 + 31 + 30 = 181
Futures Equivalent Position of Swap on January 1
Dates swap in force
Referent futures month
Fraction of days
Company A position (long) †
Company B position (short) †
January 1—January 22
February
22/181
73
−73
January 23—February 22
March
31/181
103
−103
February 23—March 22
April
28/181
93
−93
March 23—April 22
May
31/181
103
−103
April 23—May 22
June
30/181
99
−99
May 23—June 22
July
31/181
103
−103
June 23—June 30th
August
8/181
27
−27
Total
181/181
601
−601
† Contracts rounded to the nearest integer.
Futures equivalent position on January 2
Total Notional Quantity = Remaining swap term * 100,000 bbls/month = 596,685 bbls
1,000 bbl = 1 futures contract
Therefore 596,685 bbls/1,000 bbls/contract = 597 futures equivalent contracts
Total number of days = 30 + 28 + 31 + 30 + 31 + 30 = 180
Futures Equivalent Position of Swap on January 2 (Example 1 Continued)
Dates swap in force
Referent futures month
Fraction of days
Company A position (long) †
Company B position (short) †
January 2—January 22
February
21/180
70
−70
January 23—February 22
March
31/180
103
−103
February 23—March 22
April
28/180
93
−93
March 23—April 22
May
31/180
103
−103
April 23—May 22
June
30/180
99
−99
May 23—June 22
July
31/180
103
−103
June 23—June 30th
August
8/180
27
−27
Total
180/180
597
−597
† Contracts rounded to the nearest integer.
Example 2—Fixed for Floating Corn Swap
Reference Price
Daily official next to expire contract price for the CBOT Corn Futures Contract in $/bushel through the CBOT spot month.
Fixed Price
$5.00 per bushel per month.
Floating Price
The arithmetic average of the reference price during the pricing period.
Calculation Period
One month.
Notional Quantity
1,000,000 bushels/month.
Fixed Price Payer
Company A.
Floating Price Payer
Company B.
Settlement Type
Financial.
Swap Term
Six full months from January 1 to June 30.
Floating Amount
Floating Price * Notional Quantity.
Fixed Amount
Fixed Price * Notional Quantity.
Last trading day in the nearby CBOT Corn futures contract is the business day preceding the 15th of the contract month. For simplicity in this example, the last trading day in each Corn futures contract is shown as the 14th of the month. Futures contract months for corn are March, May, July, September, and December.
Futures Equivalent Position on January 1
Total Notional Quantity = 6 contract months * 1,000,000 bushels/month = 6,000,000 bushels
5,000 bushels = 1 futures contract
Therefore 6,000,000 bushels/5,000 bushels/contract = 1,200 futures equivalent contracts
Total days = 31 + 28 + 31 + 30 + 31 + 30 = 181
Futures Equivalent Position of Swap on January 1
Dates swap in force
Referent futures month
Fraction of days
Company A position (long) †
Company B position (short) †
January 1-March 14
March
73/181
483
−483
March 15-May 14
May
61/181
404
−404
May 15-June 30
July
47/181
311
−311
Total
181/181
1,198
−1,198
† Contracts rounded to the nearest integer.
Example 3—Fixed for Floating NY RBOB (Platts) Calendar Swap Futures
Reference Price
Platts Oilgram next to expire contract Price Report for New York RBOB (Barge) through the NYMEX spot month.
Fixed Price
$1.8894 per gallon.
Floating Price
For each contract month, the floating price is equal to the arithmetic average of the high and low quotations from Platts Oilgram Price Report for New York RBOB (Barge) for each business day that it is determined during the contract month.
Calculation Period
One quarter.
Notional Quantity
84 million gallons/quarter.
Fixed Price Payer
Company A.
Floating Price Payer
Company B.
Settlement Type
Financial.
Swap Term
Six full months from January 1 to June 30.
Floating Amount
Floating Price * Notional Quantity.
Fixed Amount
Fixed Price * Notional Quantity.
NYMEX NY RBOB (Platts) Calendar Swap Futures Contract month ends on the final business day of the contract month. For simplicity in this example, the last trading day in each futures contract is shown as the final day of the month.
Futures Equivalent Position on January 1
Total Notional Quantity = 2 quarters * 84 million = 168 million gallons
42,000 gallons = 1 futures contract
Therefore 168 million/42,000 gallons/futures contract = 4,000 futures equivalent contracts
Total number of days = 31 + 28 + 31 + 30 + 31 + 30 = 181
Futures Equivalent Position of Swap on January 1
Dates swap in force
Referent futures month
Fraction of days
Company A position (long) †
Company B position (short) †
January 1-March 31
April
90/181
1989
−1989
April 1-June 30
July
91/181
2011
−2011
Total
181/181
4000
−4000
† Contracts rounded to the nearest integer.
Example 4—Calendar Spread Swap
Reference Price
The difference between the next to expire contract price for the NYMEX WTI Futures contract and the deferred contract price for the NYMEX WTI Futures contract.
Fixed Price
$80 per barrel.
Floating Price
The arithmetic average of the reference price during the pricing period.
Calculation Period
One month.
Notional Quantity
100,000 bbls/month.
Fixed Price Payer
Company A.
Floating Price Payer
Company B.
Settlement Type
Financial.
Swap Term
Six full months from January 1 to June 30.
Floating Amount
Floating Price * Notional Quantity.
Fixed Amount
Fixed Price * Notional Quantity.
NYMEX WTI trading in the next to expire futures contract ceases on the third business day prior to the 25th of the calendar month preceding the contract month. For simplicity in this example, the last trading day in each WTI futures contract is shown as the 22nd of the month.
Futures Equivalent Position on January 1
Total Notional Quantity = 6 months * 100,000 bbls/month = 600,000 bbls
1,000 bbl = 1 futures contract
Therefore 600,000 bbls/1,000 bbls/contract = 600 futures equivalent contracts
Total number of days = 31 + 28 + 31 + 30 + 31 + 30 = 181
Futures Equivalent Position of Swap on January 1
Dates swap in force
Fraction of days
Applicable next to expire futures month
Company A position (long) †
Company B position (short) †
Applicable deferred futures month
Company A position (short) †
Company B position (long) †
January 1—January 22
22/181
February
73
−73
March
−73
73
January 23—February 22
31/181
March
103
−103
April
−103
103
February 23—March 22
28/181
April
93
−93
May
−93
93
March 23—April 22
31/181
May
103
−103
June
−103
103
April 23—May 22
30/181
June
99
−99
July
−99
99
May 23—June 22
31/181
July
103
−103
August
−103
103
June 23—June 30th
8/181
August
27
−27
September
−27
27
Total
181/181
601
−601
−601
601
† Contracts rounded to the nearest integer.
Example 5—Columbia Gulf, Mainline Midpoint (“Midpoint') Basis Swap
Reference Price
The Platts Gas Daily Columbia Gulf, Mainline Midpoint (“Midpoint”) and the next to expire NYMEX (Henry Hub) Natural Gas Futures contract.
Fixed Price
$0.05 per MMBtu.
Floating Price
The Floating Price will be equal to the arithmetic average of the daily value of the Platts Gas Daily Columbia Gulf, Mainline Midpoint (“Midpoint”) minus the NYMEX (Henry Hub) Natural Gas Futures contract daily settlement price.
Calculation Period
Monthly.
Notional Quantity
10,000 MMBtu/calendar day.
Fixed Price Payer
Company A.
Floating Price Payer
Company B.
Settlement type
Financial.
Swap Term
One month from January 1 to January 31.
Floating Amount
Floating Price * Notional Quantity * calendar days in the month.
Fixed Amount
Fixed Price * Notional Quantity * calendar days in the month.
NYMEX Henry Hub Natural Gas Futures Contract trading ceases three business days prior to the first day of the delivery month. For simplicity in this example, the last trading day in the futures contract is shown as the 28th of the month.
Futures Equivalent Position on January 1
Total Notional Quantity for each leg = 1 month * 31 days/month * 10,000 MMBtu/day = 310,000 MMBtu
10,000 MMBtu = 1 futures contract
Therefore 310,000 MMBtu/10,000 MMBtu/contract = 31 futures equivalent contracts
Total number of days = 31
Futures Equivalent Position of Swap on January 1
Dates swap in force
Fraction of days
Referent futures month
Company A position in Columbia Gulf, Mainline Midpoint (“Midpoint”) natural gas (long) MMBtu
Company A Position in NYMEX (Henry Hub) natural gas futures (short)
Company B position in Columbia Gulf, Mainline Midpoint (“Midpoint”) natural gas (short) MMBtu
Company B position in NYMEX (Henry Hub) natural gas futures (long)
January 1—January 28
28/31
February
†††
−28
†††
28
January 29—January 31
3/31
March
−3
3
Total
31/31
−31
31
††† Note: Because there is no underlying position taken in a basis contract, for reporting purposes, only enter the futures equivalent contract quantities into the corresponding futures.
Example 6—WTI Swaption (Call)
Swaption Style
American.
Option Type
Call.
Swaption Start Date
Jan 1 of the current year.
Swaption End Date
June 30 of the current year.
Strike Price
$80.50/bbl.
Notional Quantity
100,000 bbl/month.
Calculation Period
One month.
Reference Price
Daily official next to expire contract price for WTI NYMEX Crude Oil Futures Contract in $/bbl through the NYMEX spot month.
Fixed Price
$80.00 per barrel per month.
Floating Price
The arithmetic average of the reference price during the pricing period.
Settlement Type
Financial.
Swap Term
One month from July 1 to July 31 of the current year.
Floating Amount
Floating Price * Notional Quantity.
Fixed Amount
Fixed Price * Notional Quantity.
NYMEX WTI trading ceases on the third business day prior to the 25th of the calendar month preceding the delivery month. For simplicity in this example, the last trading day in each WTI futures contract is shown as the 22nd of the month.
Futures Equivalent Position on January 1
Total Notional Quantity = 1 month * 100,000 bbls/month = 100,000 bbls
1,000 bbl = 1 futures contract
Therefore 100,000 bbls/1,000 bbls/contract = 100 futures equivalent contracts
Total number of days = 31
Gross Position on January 1
Dates swap in force
Referent futures month
Fraction of days
Company A position (long) †
Company B position (short) †
July 1 -July 22
August
22/31
70
−70
July 23—July 31
September
9/31
29
−29
Total
31/31
99
−99
† Contracts rounded to the nearest integer.
Delta †† Adjusted Position and Futures Equivalent Position on January 1
Date
August
September
Delta
Position
Delta
Position
January 1
.2
14
.2
5
†† Deltas should be calculated in an economically reasonable and analytically supportable basis.
Example 7—WTI Collar Swap
Swaption Style
American.
Swaption Start Date
Jan 1 of the current year.
Swaption End Date
June 30 of the current year.
Call strike Price
$70.00 per bbl.
Put strike price
$90.00 per bbl.
Notional Quantity
100,000 barrels per month.
Calculation Period
One month.
Reference Price
Daily official next to expire contract price for WTI NYMEX Crude Oil in $/bbl through the NYMEX spot month.
Fixed Price
$80.00 per barrel.
Floating Price
The arithmetic average of the reference price during the pricing period.
Settlement Type
Financial.
Swap Term
One month from July 1 to July 31 of the current year.
Floating Amount
Floating Price * Notional Quantity.
Fixed Amount
Fixed Price * Notional Quantity.
NYMEX WTI trading ceases on the third business day prior to the 25th of the calendar month preceding the delivery month. For simplicity in this example, the last trading day in each WTI futures contract is shown as the 22nd of the month.
Futures Equivalent Position on January 1
Total Notional Quantity = 1 month * 100,000 bbls/month = 100,000 bbls
1,000 bbl = 1 futures contract
Therefore 100,000 bbls/1,000 bbls/contract = 100 futures equivalent contracts
Total number of days = 31
Gross Position on January 1
Dates swap in force
Referent futures month
Fraction of days
Company A position
Company B position
Call
Put
Call
Put
July 1-July 22
August
22/31
70.97
70.97
−70.97
−70.97
July 23-July 31
September
9/31
29.03
29.03
−29.03
−29.03
Total
31/31
100
100
−100
−100
Company (A) Delta † Adjusted Position on January 1
Date
August
September
Long call
Short put
Long call
Short put
Delta
Position
Delta
Position
Delta
Delta
Position
January 1
.7
49
.3
−21
.7
20
.3
−8
† Deltas should be calculated in an economically reasonable and analytically supportable basis.
Futures Equivalent Position on January 1
Date
August ††
September ††
Long
Short
Long
Short
January 1
70
0
28
0
†† Contracts rounded to the nearest integer.