ADJUSTMENT OF CIVIL MONETARY PENALTIES FOR INFLATION

§ 19.4Statutory civil monetary penalties, as adjusted for inflation, and tables.
Table 1 of this section sets out the statutory civil monetary penalty provisions of statutes administered by the EPA, with the third column setting out the latest operative statutory civil monetary penalty levels for violations that occur or occurred after November 2, 2015, where penalties are assessed on or after January 8, 2025. The fourth column displays the operative statutory civil monetary penalty levels where penalties were assessed on or after December 27, 2023, but before January 8, 2025. Table 2 of this section sets out the statutory civil monetary penalty provision of statutes administered by the EPA, with the operative statutory civil monetary penalty levels, as adjusted for inflation, for violations that occurred on or before November 2, 2015, and for violations that occurred after November 2, 2015, where penalties were assessed before August 1, 2016.
Table 1 of § 19.4—Civil Monetary Penalty Inflation Adjustments
U.S. code citation
Environmental statute
Statutory civil monetary
penalties for violations
that occur or occurred after November 2, 2015,
where penalties are
assessed on or after
January 8, 2025
Statutory civil monetary
penalties for violations
that occurred after
November 2, 2015,
where penalties were
assessed on or after
December 27, 2023,
but before
January 8, 2025
Statutory civil monetary
penalties, as enacted
7 U.S.C. 136 l (a)(1)
FEDERAL INSECTICIDE, FUNGICIDE, AND RODENTICIDE ACT (FIFRA)
$24,885
$24,255
$5,000
7 U.S.C. 136 l (a)(2) 1
FIFRA
3,650/2,353/3,650
3,558/2,293/3,558
1,000/500/1,000
15 U.S.C. 2615(a)(1)
TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT (TSCA)
49,772
48,512
37,500
15 U.S.C. 2647(a)
TSCA
14,308
13,946
5,000
15 U.S.C. 2647(g)
TSCA
11,823
11,524
5,000
31 U.S.C. 3802(a)(1)
PROGRAM FRAUD CIVIL REMEDIES ACT (PFCRA)
14,308
13,946
5,000
31 U.S.C. 3802(a)(2)
PFCRA
14,308
13,946
5,000
33 U.S.C. 1319(d)
CLEAN WATER ACT (CWA)
68,445
66,712
25,000
33 U.S.C. 1319(g)(2)(A)
CWA
27,378/68,445
26,685/66,712
10,000/25,000
33 U.S.C. 1319(g)(2)(B)
CWA
27,378/342,218
26,685/333,552
10,000/125,000
33 U.S.C. 1321(b)(6)(B)(i)
CWA
23,647/59,114
23,048/57,617
10,000/25,000
33 U.S.C. 1321(b)(6)(B)(ii)
CWA
23,647/295,564
23,048/288,080
10,000/125,000
33 U.S.C. 1321(b)(7)(A)
CWA
59,114/2,364
57,617/2,304
25,000/1,000
33 U.S.C. 1321(b)(7)(B)
CWA
59,114
57,617
25,000
33 U.S.C. 1321(b)(7)(C)
CWA
59,114
57,617
25,000
33 U.S.C. 1321(b)(7)(D)
CWA
236,451/7,093
230,464/6,913
100,000/3,000
33 U.S.C. 1414b(d)(1)(A)
MARINE PROTECTION, RESEARCH, AND SANCTUARIES ACT (MPRSA)
1,575
1,535
600
33 U.S.C. 1415(a)
MPRSA
248,851/328,265
242,550/319,953
50,000/125,000
33 U.S.C. 1901 note ( see 1409(a)(2)(A))
CERTAIN ALASKAN CRUISE SHIP OPERATIONS (CACSO)
18,142/45,354
17,683/44,206
10,000/25,000
33 U.S.C. 1901 note ( see 1409(a)(2)(B))
CACSO
18,142/226,768
17,683/221,026
10,000/125,000
33 U.S.C. 1901 note ( see 1409(b)(1))
CACSO
45,354
44,206
25,000
33 U.S.C. 1908(b)(1)
ACT TO PREVENT POLLUTION FROM SHIPS (APPS)
93,058
90,702
25,000
33 U.S.C. 1908(b)(2)
APPS
18,610
18,139
5,000
42 U.S.C. 300g-3(b)
SAFE DRINKING WATER ACT (SDWA)
71,545
69,733
25,000
42 U.S.C. 300g-3(g)(3)(A)
SDWA
71,545
69,733
25,000
42 U.S.C. 300g-3(g)(3)(B)
SDWA
14,308/49,848
13,946/48,586
5,000/25,000
42 U.S.C. 300g-3(g)(3)(C)
SDWA
49,848
48,586
25,000
42 U.S.C. 300h-2(b)(1)
SDWA
71,545
69,733
25,000
42 U.S.C. 300h-2(c)(1)
SDWA
28,619/357,729
27,894/348,671
10,000/125,000
42 U.S.C. 300h-2(c)(2)
SDWA
14,308/357,729
13,946/348,671
5,000/125,000
42 U.S.C. 300h-3(c)
SDWA
24,885/53,088
24,255/51,744
5,000/10,000
42 U.S.C. 300i(b)
SDWA
29,911
29,154
15,000
42 U.S.C. 300i-1(c)
SDWA
174,109/1,741,100
169,700/1,697,012
100,000/1,000,000
42 U.S.C. 300j(e)(2)
SDWA
12,442
12,127
2,500
42 U.S.C. 300j-4(c)
SDWA
71,545
69,733
25,000
42 U.S.C. 300j-6(b)(2)
SDWA
49,848
48,586
25,000
42 U.S.C. 300j-23(d)
SDWA
13,132/131,308
12,799/127,983
5,000/50,000
42 U.S.C. 4852d(b)(5)
RESIDENTIAL LEAD-BASED PAINT HAZARD REDUCTION ACT OF 1992
22,263
21,699
10,000
42 U.S.C. 4910(a)(2)
NOISE CONTROL ACT OF 1972
47,041
45,850
10,000
42 U.S.C. 6928(a)(3)
RESOURCE CONSERVATION AND RECOVERY ACT (RCRA)
124,426
121,275
25,000
42 U.S.C. 6928(c)
RCRA
74,943
73,045
25,000
42 U.S.C. 6928(g)
RCRA
93,058
90,702
25,000
42 U.S.C. 6928(h)(2)
RCRA
74,943
73,045
25,000
42 U.S.C. 6934(e)
RCRA
18,610
18,139
5,000
42 U.S.C. 6973(b)
RCRA
18,610
18,139
5,000
42 U.S.C. 6991e(a)(3)
RCRA
74,943
73,045
25,000
42 U.S.C. 6991e(d)(1)
RCRA
29,980
29,221
10,000
42 U.S.C. 6991e(d)(2)
RCRA
29,980
29,221
10,000
42 U.S.C. 7413(b)
CLEAN AIR ACT (CAA)
124,426
121,275
25,000
42 U.S.C. 7413(d)(1)
CAA
59,114/472,901
57,617/460,926
25,000/200,000
42 U.S.C. 7413(d)(3)
CAA
11,823
11,524
5,000
42 U.S.C. 7524(a)
CAA
59,114/5,911
57,617/5,761
25,000/2,500
42 U.S.C. 7524(c)(1)
CAA
472,901
460,926
200,000
42 U.S.C. 7545(d)(1)
CAA
59,114
57,617
25,000
42 U.S.C. 9604(e)(5)(B)
COMPREHENSIVE ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSE, COMPENSATION, AND LIABILITY ACT (CERCLA)
71,545
69,733
25,000
42 U.S.C. 9606(b)(1)
CERCLA
71,545
69,733
25,000
42 U.S.C. 9609(a)(1)
CERCLA
71,545
69,733
25,000
42 U.S.C. 9609(b)
CERCLA
71,545/214,637
69,733/209,202
25,000/75,000
42 U.S.C. 9609(c)
CERCLA
71,545/214,637
69,733/209,202
25,000/75,000
42 U.S.C. 11045(a)
EMERGENCY PLANNING AND COMMUNITY RIGHT-TO-KNOW ACT (EPCRA)
71,545
69,733
25,000
42 U.S.C. 11045(b)(1)(A)
EPCRA
71,545
69,733
25,000
42 U.S.C. 11045(b)(2)
EPCRA
71,545/214,637
69,733/209,202
25,000/75,000
42 U.S.C. 11045(b)(3)
EPCRA
71,545/214,637
69,733/209,202
25,000/75,000
42 U.S.C. 11045(c)(1)
EPCRA
71,545
69,733
25,000
42 U.S.C. 11045(c)(2)
EPCRA
28,619
27,894
10,000
42 U.S.C. 11045(d)(1)
EPCRA
71,545
69,733
25,000
42 U.S.C. 14304(a)(1)
MERCURY-CONTAINING AND RECHARGEABLE BATTERY MANAGEMENT ACT (BATTERY ACT)
19,942
19,437
10,000
42 U.S.C. 14304(g)
BATTERY ACT
19,942
19,437
10,000
1 Note that 7 U.S.C. 136 l (a)(2) contains three separate statutory maximum civil penalty provisions. The first mention of $1,000 and the $500 statutory maximum civil penalty amount were originally enacted in 1978 (Pub. L. 95-396), and the second mention of $1,000 was enacted in 1972 (Pub. L. 92-516).
Table 2 of § 19.4—Civil Monetary Penalty Inflation Adjustments
U.S. Code citation
Environmental statute
Statutory civil penalties for violations after December 6, 2013 through November 2, 2015, or assessed before August 1, 2016
Statutory civil penalties for violations after January 12, 2009 through December 6, 2013
Statutory civil penalties for violations after March 15, 2004 through January 12, 2009
Statutory civil penalties for violations after January 30, 1997 through March 15, 2004
Statutory civil penalties, as enacted
7 U.S.C. 136 l (a)(1)
FEDERAL INSECTICIDE, FUNGICIDE, AND RODENTICIDE ACT (FIFRA)
$7,500
$7,500
$6,500
$5,500
$5,000
7 U.S.C. 136 l (a)(2)
FIFRA
750/1,100
750/1,100
650/1,100
550/1,000
500/1,000
15 U.S.C. 2615(a)(1)
TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT (TSCA)
37,500
37,500
32,500
27,500
25,000
15 U.S.C. 2647(a)
TSCA
7,500
7,500
6,500
5,500
5,000
15 U.S.C. 2647(g)
TSCA
7,500
7,500
5,500
5,000
5,000
31 U.S.C. 3802(a)(1)
PROGRAM FRAUD CIVIL REMEDIES ACT (PFCRA)
7,500
7,500
6,500
5,500
5,000
31 U.S.C. 3802(a)(2)
PFCRA
7,500
7,500
6,500
5,500
5,000
33 U.S.C. 1319(d)
CLEAN WATER ACT (CWA)
37,500
37,500
32,500
27,500
25,000
33 U.S.C. 1319(g)(2)(A)
CWA
16,000/37,500
16,000/37,500
11,000/32,500
11,000/27,500
10,000/25,000
33 U.S.C. 1319(g)(2)(B)
CWA
16,000/187,500
16,000/177,500
11,000/157,500
11,000/137,500
10,000/125,000
33 U.S.C. 1321(b)(6)(B)(i)
CWA
16,000/37,500
16,000/37,500
11,000/32,500
11,000/27,500
10,000/25,000
33 U.S.C. 1321(b)(6)(B)(ii)
CWA
16,000/187,500
16,000/177,500
11,000/157,500
11,000/137,500
10,000/125,000
33 U.S.C. 1321(b)(7)(A)
CWA
37,500/2,100
37,500/1,100
32,500/1,100
27,500/1,100
25,000/1,000
33 U.S.C. 1321(b)(7)(B)
CWA
37,500
37,500
32,500
27,500
25,000
33 U.S.C. 1321(b)(7)(C)
CWA
37,500
37,500
32,500
27,500
25,000
33 U.S.C. 1321(b)(7)(D)
CWA
150,000/5,300
140,000/4,300
130,000/4,300
110,000/3,300
100,000/3,000
33 U.S.C. 1414b(d)(1) 1
MARINE PROTECTION, RESEARCH, AND SANCTUARIES ACT (MPRSA)
860
860
760
660
600
33 U.S.C. 1415(a)
MPRSA
75,000/187,500
70,000/177,500
65,000/157,500
55,000/137,500
50,000/125,000
33 U.S.C. 1901 note ( see 1409(a)(2)(A))
CERTAIN ALASKAN CRUISE SHIP OPERATIONS (CACSO)
11,000/27,500
11,000/27,500
10,000/25,000
10,000/ 2 25,000
10,000/25,000
33 U.S.C. 1901 note ( see 1409(a)(2)(B))
CACSO
11,000/147,500
11,000/137,500
10,000/125,000
10,000/125,000
10,000/125,000
33 U.S.C. 1901 note ( see 1409(b)(1))
CACSO
27,500
27,500
25,000
25,000
25,000
42 U.S.C. 300g-3(b)
SAFE DRINKING WATER ACT (SDWA)
37,500
37,500
32,500
27,500
25,000
42 U.S.C. 300g-3(g)(3)(A)
SDWA
37,500
37,500
32,500
27,500
25,000
42 U.S.C. 300g-3(g)(3)(B)
SDWA
7,000/32,500
7,000/32,500
6,000/27,500
5,000/25,000
5,000/25,000
42 U.S.C. 300g-3(g)(3)(C)
SDWA
32,500
32,500
27,500
25,000
25,000
42 U.S.C. 300h-2(b)(1)
SDWA
37,500
37,500
32,500
27,500
25,000
42 U.S.C. 300h-2(c)(1)
SDWA
16,000/187,500
16,000/177,500
11,000/157,500
11,000/137,500
10,000/125,000
42 U.S.C. 300h-2(c)(2)
SDWA
7,500/187,500
7,500/177,500
6,500/157,500
5,500/137,500
5,000/125,000
42 U.S.C. 300h-3(c)
SDWA
7,500/16,000
7,500/16,000
6,500/11,000
5,500/11,000
5,000/10,000
42 U.S.C. 300i(b)
SDWA
21,500
16,500
16,500
15,000
15,000
42 U.S.C. 300i-1(c)
SDWA
120,000/1,150,000
110,000/1,100,000
100,000/1,000,000
22,000/ 3 55,000
20,000/50,000
42 U.S.C. 300j(e)(2)
SDWA
3,750
3,750
2,750
2,750
2,500
42 U.S.C. 300j-4(c)
SDWA
37,500
37,500
32,500
27,500
25,000
42 U.S.C. 300j-6(b)(2)
SDWA
32,500
32,500
27,500
25,000
25,000
42 U.S.C. 300j-23(d)
SDWA
7,500/75,000
7,500/70,000
6,500/65,000
5,500/55,000
5,000/50,000
42 U.S.C. 4852d(b)(5)
RESIDENTIAL LEAD-BASED PAINT HAZARD REDUCTION ACT OF 1992
16,000
16,000
11,000
11,000
10,000
42 U.S.C. 4910(a)(2)
NOISE CONTROL ACT OF 1972
16,000
16,000
11,000
11,000
10,000
42 U.S.C. 6928(a)(3)
RESOURCE CONSERVATION AND RECOVERY ACT (RCRA)
37,500
37,500
32,500
27,500
25,000
42 U.S.C. 6928(c)
RCRA
37,500
37,500
32,500
27,500
25,000
42 U.S.C. 6928(g)
RCRA
37,500
37,500
32,500
27,500
25,000
42 U.S.C. 6928(h)(2)
RCRA
37,500
37,500
32,500
27,500
25,000
42 U.S.C. 6934(e)
RCRA
7,500
7,500
6,500
5,500
5,000
42 U.S.C. 6973(b)
RCRA
7,500
7,500
6,500
5,500
5,000
42 U.S.C. 6991e(a)(3)
RCRA
37,500
37,500
32,500
27,500
25,000
42 U.S.C. 6991e(d)(1)
RCRA
16,000
16,000
11,000
11,000
10,000
42 U.S.C. 6991e(d)(2)
RCRA
16,000
16,000
11,000
11,000
10,000
42 U.S.C. 7413(b)
CLEAN AIR ACT (CAA)
37,500
37,500
32,500
27,500
25,000
42 U.S.C. 7413(d)(1)
CAA
37,500/320,000
37,500/295,000
32,500/270,000
27,500/220,000
25,000/200,000
42 U.S.C. 7413(d)(3)
CAA
7,500
7,500
6,500
5,500
5,000
42 U.S.C. 7524(a)
CAA
3,750/37,500
3,750/37,500
2,750/32,500
2,750/27,500
2,500/25,000
42 U.S.C. 7524(c)(1)
CAA
320,000
295,000
270,000
220,000
200,000
42 U.S.C. 7545(d)(1)
CAA
37,500
37,500
32,500
27,500
25,000
42 U.S.C. 9604(e)(5)(B)
COMPREHENSIVE ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSE, COMPENSATION, AND LIABILITY ACT (CERCLA)
37,500
37,500
32,500
27,500
25,000
42 U.S.C. 9606(b)(1)
CERCLA
37,500
37,500
32,500
27,500
25,000
42 U.S.C. 9609(a)(1)
CERCLA
37,500
37,500
32,500
27,500
25,000
42 U.S.C. 9609(b)
CERCLA
37,500/117,500
37,500/107,500
32,500/97,500
27,500/82,500
25,000/75,000
42 U.S.C. 9609(c)
CERCLA
37,500/117,500
37,500/107,500
32,500/97,500
27,500/82,500
25,000/75,000
42 U.S.C. 11045(a)
EMERGENCY PLANNING AND COMMUNITY RIGHT-TO-KNOW ACT (EPCRA)
37,500
37,500
32,500
27,500
25,000
42 U.S.C. 11045(b)(1)(A) 4
EPCRA
37,500
37,500
32,500
27,500
25,000
42 U.S.C. 11045(b)(2)
EPCRA
37,500/117,500
37,500/107,500
32,500/97,500
27,500/82,500
25,000/75,000
42 U.S.C. 11045(b)(3)
EPCRA
37,500/117,500
37,500/107,500
32,500/97,500
27,500/82,500
25,000/75,000
42 U.S.C. 11045(c)(1)
EPCRA
37,500
37,500
32,500
27,500
25,000
42 U.S.C. 11045(c)(2)
EPCRA
16,000
16,000
11,000
11,000
10,000
42 U.S.C. 11045(d)(1)
EPCRA
37,500
37,500
32,500
27,500
25,000
42 U.S.C. 14304(a)(1)
MERCURY-CONTAINING AND RECHARGEABLE BATTERY MANAGEMENT ACT (BATTERY ACT)
16,000
16,000
11,000
10,000
10,000
42 U.S.C. 14304(g)
BATTERY ACT
16,000
16,000
11,000
10,000
10,000
1 Note that 33 U.S.C. 1414b (d)(1)(B) contains additional penalty escalation provisions that must be applied to the penalty amounts set forth in this Table 2. The amounts set forth in this Table 2 reflect an inflation adjustment to the calendar year 1992 penalty amount expressed in section 104B(d)(1)(A), which is used to calculate the applicable penalty amount under MPRSA section 104B(d)(1)(B) for violations that occur in any subsequent calendar year.
2 CACSO was passed on December 21, 2000 as part of Title XIV of the Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2001, Public Law 106-554, 33 U.S.C. 1901 note.
3 The original statutory penalty amounts of $20,000 and $50,000 under section 1432(c) of the SDWA, 42 U.S.C. 300i-1(c), were subsequently increased by Congress pursuant to section 403 of the Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Act of 2002, Public Law 107-188 (June 12, 2002), to $100,000 and $1,000,000, respectively. The EPA did not adjust these new penalty amounts in its 2004 Civil Monetary Penalty Inflation Adjustment Rule (“2004 Rule”), published on February 13, 2004, because they had gone into effect less than two years prior to the 2004 Rule.
4 Consistent with how the EPA's other penalty authorities are displayed under this section, this Table 2 now delineates, on a subpart-by-subpart basis, the penalty authorities enumerated under section 325(b) of EPCRA, 42 U.S.C. 11045(b) ( i.e., 42 U.S.C. 11045(b)(1)(A), (b)(2), and (b)(3)).
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