PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES

• Citation: 46 CFR Part 56
• Sections: 104

§ 56.01-1 Scope (replaces 100.1).

(a) This part contains requirements for the various ships' and barges' piping systems and appurtenances.

(b) The respective piping systems installed on ships and barges must have the necessary pumps, valves, regulation valves, safety valves, relief valves, flanges, fittings, pressure gages, liquid level indicators, thermometers, etc., for safe and efficient operation of the vessel.

(c) Piping for industrial systems on mobile offshore drilling units need not fully comply with the requirements of this part but must meet subpart 58.60 of this subchapter.

§ 56.01-2 Incorporation by reference.

Certain material is incorporated by reference into this part with the approval of the Director of the Federal Register under 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. To enforce any edition other than that specified in this section, the Coast Guard must publish a document in the Federal Register and the material must be available to the public. All approved incorporation by reference (IBR) material is available for inspection at the U.S. Coast Guard and the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). Contact U.S. Coast Guard Headquarters at: Commandant (CG-ENG), Attn: Office of Design and Engineering Standards, U.S. Coast Guard Stop 7509, 2703 Martin Luther King Jr. Avenue SE, Washington, DC 20593-7509; phone [phone]; email [email protected] . For information on the availability of this material at NARA, visit www.archives.gov/federal-register/cfr/ibr-locations or email [email protected] . The material may be obtained from the following sources:

(a) American Petroleum Institute (API), 200 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20002-5571; 202-682-8000; [email protected]; www.api.org .

(1) API Standard 607, Fire Test for Quarter-turn Valves and Valves Equipped with Nonmetallic Seats, Seventh Edition, June 2016 (“API 607”); IBR approved for § 56.20-15(b).

(2) [Reserved]

(b) American Society of Mechanical Engineers ( ASME ), Two Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990; 800-843-2763; [email protected] ; www.asme.org .

(1) ANSI B1.20.3-1976 (Reaffirmed 2013), Dryseal Pipe Threads (Inch), adopted November 18, 1976 (“ASME B1.20.3”); IBR approved for § 56.60-1, table 2.

(2) ASME BPVC.I-2019, 2019 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section I, Rules for Construction of Power Boilers, 2019 Edition, issued July 1, 2019 (“Section I of the ASME BPVC”); IBR approved for §§ 56.15-1(c); 56.60-1(a); 56.70-15(b); 56.95-10(c).

(3) ASME BPVC.VIII.1-2019, 2019 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII, Division 1, Rules for Construction of Pressure Vessels, 2019 Edition, issued July 1, 2019 (“Section VIII of the ASME BPVC”); IBR approved for §§ 56.15-1(c); 56.25-5; 56.30-10(b); 56.60-1(a) and table 1; 56.60-2 table 1; 56.60-15(a) and (b); 56.95-10(c).

(4) ASME BPVC.IX-2019, 2019 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section IX, Qualification Standard for Welding, Brazing, and Fusing Procedures; Welders; Brazers; and Welding, Brazing, and Fusing Operators, 2019 Edition, issued July 1, 2019 (“Section IX of the ASME BPVC”); IBR approved for §§ 56.70-5(a); 56.70-20(a); 56.75-20(a).

(5) ASME B1.1-2003 (reaffirmed), Unified Inch Screw Threads (UN and UNR Thread Form), issued September 30, 2004 (“ASME B1.1”); IBR approved for §§ 56.25-20(d); 56.60-1 table 2.

(6) ASME B1.20.1-2013, Pipe Threads, General Purpose (Inch), issued November 15, 2013 (“ASME B1.20.1”); IBR approved for § 56.60-1 table 2.

(7) ASME B16.1-2015, Gray Iron Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings, Classes 25, 125, and 250, issued December 28, 2015 (“ASME B16.1”); IBR approved for §§ 56.60-1 table 2; 56.60-10(a).

(8) ASME B16.3-2016, Malleable Iron Threaded Fittings, Classes 150 and 300, issued November 30, 2016 (“ASME B16.3”); IBR approved for § 56.60-1 table 2.

(9) ASME B16.4-2016, Gray Iron Threaded Fittings, Classes 125 and 250, issued November 11, 2016 (“ASME B16.4”); IBR approved for § 56.60-1 table 2.

(10) ASME B16.5-2017, Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings, NPS

1/2 Through NPS 24 Metric/Inch Standard, issued November 20, 2017, (“ASME B16.5”); IBR approved for §§ 56.25-20(a); 56.30-10(b); 56.60-1 table 2.

(11) ASME B16.11-2016, Forged Fittings, Socket-Welding and Threaded, issued January 1, 2017 including errata (“ASME B16.11”); IBR approved for §§ 56.30-5(c); 56.60-1 tables 1 and 2.

(12) ASME B16.14-2013, Ferrous Pipe Plugs, Bushings, and Locknuts with Pipe Threads, issued November 15, 2013 (“ASME B16.14”); IBR approved for § 56.60-1 table 2.

(13) ASME B16.15-2013, Cast Copper Alloy Threaded Fittings, Classes 125 and 250, issued December 6, 2013 (“ASME B16.15”); IBR approved for § 56.60-1 table 2.

(14) ASME B16.20-2012, Metallic Gaskets for Pipe Flanges, Ring-Joint, Spiral-Wound, and Jacketed, issued June 25, 2013 (“ASME B16.20”); IBR approved for § 56.60-1 table 2.

(15) ASME B16.21-2016, Nonmetallic Flat Gaskets for Pipe Flanges, issued December 9, 2016 (“ASME B16.21”); IBR approved for § 56.60-1 table 2.

(16) ASME B16.23-2016, Cast Copper Alloy Solder Joint Drainage Fittings: DWV, issued January 16, 2017 (“ASME B16.23”); IBR approved for § 56.60-1 table 2.

(17) ASME B16.25-2012, Buttwelding Ends, issued December 20, 2012 (“ASME B16.25”); IBR approved for §§ 56.30-5(b); 56.60-1 table 2; 56.70-10(a).

(18) ASME B16.29-2012, Wrought Copper and Wrought Copper Alloy Solder-Joint Drainage Fittings—DWV, issued September 26, 2012 (“ASME B16.29”); IBR approved for § 56.60-1 table 2.

(19) ASME B16.34-2017, Valves—Flanged, Threaded, and Welding End, issued August 23, 2017 (“ASME B16.34”); IBR approved for § 56.60-1 table 2.

(20) ASME B18.2.1-2012, Square, Hex, Heavy Hex, and Askew Head Bolts and Hex, Heavy Hex, Hex Flange, Lobed Head, and Lag Screws (Inch Series), issued April 24, 2013 (“ASME B18.2.1”); IBR approved for §§ 56.25-20(b); 56.60-1 table 2.

(21) ASME B18.2.2-2015, Nuts for General Applications: Machine Screw Nuts, Hex, Square, Hex Flange, and Coupling Nuts (Inch Series), issued November 30, 2015 (“ASME B18.2.2”); IBR approved for §§ 56.25-20(b) and (c); 56.60-1 table 2.

(22) ASME B31.1-2016, Power Piping, ASME Code for Pressure Piping, B31, issued June 30, 2016 (“ASME B31.1”); IBR approved for §§ 56.01-3(b); 56.01-5(a) and (b); 56.07-5(a); 56.07-10(a), (d), (e), and (f); 56.10-1(b); 56.10-5(c); 56.15-1(c); 56.25-7; 56.30-1; 56.30-5(c) and (d); 56.30-20(d); 56.35-1(b); 56.50-1 introductory text; 56.50-40(a); 56.50-70(a); 56.50-97(a); 56.60-1 tables 1 and 2; 56.65-1; 56.70-5(b); 56.70-10(b); 56.70-15(b), (c), (d), and (g); 56.80-5; 56.80-15(d); 56.85-10; 56.85-15; 56.95-1; 56.95-10(a); 56.97-1(a).

(23) ASME B31.3-2018, Process Piping, ASME Code for Pressure Piping, B31, issued August 30, 2019 (“ASME B31.3”); IBR approved for § 56.60-1 tables 1 and 2.

(24) ASME B36.10M-2015 Welded and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe, issued August 31, 2015 (“ASME B36.10M”); IBR approved for §§ 56.07-5(c); 56.30-20(d); 56.60-1 table 2.

(25) ASME B36.19M-2004 Stainless Steel Pipe (Reaffirmed 2015), issued October 25, 2004 (“ASME B36.19M”); IBR approved for §§ 56.07-5(c); 56.60-1 table 2.

(26) ASME BPVC.II.A-2021/SA-675, 2021 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code: Section II—Materials; Part A- Ferrous Material Specifications (SA-451 to End), Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon, Hot-Wrought, Special Quality, Mechanical Properties, 2021 Edition, issued July 1, 2021 (“ASME SA-675”); IBR approved for § 56.60-2 table 1.

(c) ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959; 610-832-9500; [email protected]; www.astm.org.

(1) ASTM A36/A36M-14, Standard Specification for Carbon Structural Steel, approved December 1, 2014 (“ASTM A36/A36M”); IBR approved for § 56.30-10(b).

(2) ASTM A47/A47M-99 (Reapproved 2014), Standard Specification for Ferritic Malleable Iron Castings, approved April 1, 2014, (“ASTM A47/A47M”); IBR approved for § 56.60-1 table 1.

(3) ASTM A53/A53M-12, Standard Specification for Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot-Dipped, Zinc-Coated, Welded and Seamless, approved March 1, 2012 (“ASTM A53/A53M”); IBR approved for §§ 56.10-5(b); 56.60-1 table 1.

(4) ASTM A126-04 (Reapproved 2014), Standard Specification for Gray Iron Castings for Valves, Flanges, and Pipe Fittings, approved April 1, 2014 (“ASTM A126”); IBR approved for § 56.60-1 table 1.

(5) ASTM A135/A135M-19, Standard Specification for Electric-Resistance-Welded Steel Pipe, approved May 1, 2019 (“ASTM A135/A135M”); IBR approved for § 56.60-1 table 1.

(6) ASTM A197/A197M-00 (Reapproved 2015), Standard Specification for Cupola Malleable Iron, approved November 1, 2015 (“ASTM A197/A197M”); IBR approved for § 56.60-1 table 1.

(7) ASTM A210/A210M-19, Standard Specification for Seamless Medium-Carbon Steel Boiler and Superheater Tubes, approved May 1, 2019 (“ASTM A210/A210M”); IBR approved for § 56.60-1 table 1.

(8) ASTM A268/A268M-10 (Reapproved 2016), Standard Specification for Seamless and Welded Ferritic and Martensitic Stainless Steel Tubing for General Service, approved September 1, 2016 (“ASTM A268/A268M”); IBR approved for § 56.60-1 table 1.

(9) ASTM A276/A276M-17, Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Bars and Shapes, approved March 15, 2017 (“ASTM A276/A276M”); IBR approved for § 56.60-2 table 1.

(10) ASTM A312/A312M-17, Standard Specification for Seamless, Welded, and Heavily Cold Worked Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipes, approved March 15, 2017 (“ASTM A312/A312M”); IBR approved for §§ 56.50-105 table 2; 56.60-1 table 1.

(11) ASTM A333/A333M-16, Standard Specification for Seamless and Welded Steel Pipe for Low-Temperature Service and Other Applications with Required Notch Toughness, approved March 1, 2016 (“ASTM A333/A333M”); IBR approved for §§ 56.50-105 table 2; 56.60-1 table 1.

(12) ASTM A334/A334M-04a (Reapproved 2016), Standard Specification for Seamless and Welded Carbon and Alloy-Steel Tubes for Low-Temperature Service, approved March 1, 2016 (“ASTM A334/A334M”); IBR approved for §§ 56.50-105 table 2; 56.60-1 table 1.

(13) ASTM A350/A350M-17, Standard Specification for Carbon and Low-Alloy Steel Forgings, Requiring Notch Toughness Testing for Piping Components, approved September 1, 2017 (“ASTM A350/A350M”); IBR approved for § 56.50-105 table 2.

(14) ASTM A352/A352M-17, Standard Specification for Steel Castings, Ferritic and Martensitic, for Pressure-Containing Parts, Suitable for Low-Temperature Service, approved November 1, 2017 (“ASTM A352/A352M”); IBR approved for § 56.50-105 table 2.

(15) ASTM A358/A358M-15, Standard Specification for Electric-Fusion-Welded Austenitic Chromium-Nickel Stainless Steel Pipe for High-Temperature Service and General Applications, approved September 1, 2015 (“ASTM A358/A358M”); IBR approved for § 56.60-1 table 1.

(16) ASTM A376/A376M-17, Standard Specification for Seamless Austenitic Steel Pipe for High-Temperature Service, approved September 1, 2017 (“ASTM A376/A376M”); IBR approved for §§ 56.60-1(a); 56.60-2(c).

(17) ASTM A403/A403M-16, Standard Specification for Wrought Austenitic Stainless Steel Piping Fittings, approved May 1, 2016 (“ASTM A403/A403M”); IBR approved for § 56.60-1 table 1.

(18) ASTM A420/A420M-16, Standard Specification for Piping Fittings of Wrought Carbon Steel and Alloy Steel for Low-Temperature Service, approved May 1, 2016 (“ASTM A420/A420M”); IBR approved for §§ 56.50-105 table 2; 56.60-1 table 1.

(19) ASTM A522/A522M-14, Standard Specification for Forged or Rolled 8 and 9% Nickel Alloy Steel Flanges, Fittings, Valves, and Parts for Low-Temperature Service, approved October 1, 2014 (“ASTM A522/A522M”); IBR approved for § 56.50-105 table 2.

(20) ASTM A575-96 (Reapproved 2013), Standard Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon, Merchant Quality, M-Grades, approved April 1, 2013 (“ASTM A575”); IBR approved for § 56.60-2 table 2.

(21) ASTM A576-17, Standard Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon, Hot-Wrought, Special Quality, approved November 1, 2017 (“ASTM A576”); IBR approved for § 56.60-2 table 1.

(22) ASTM B16/B16M-10 (Reapproved 2015), Standard Specification for Free-Cutting Brass Rod, Bar, and Shapes for Use in Screw Machines, approved May 1, 2015 (“ASTM B16/B16M”); IBR approved for § 56.60-2 table 1.

(23) ASTM B21/B21M-20, Standard Specification for Naval Brass Rod, Bar, and Shapes, approved April 1, 2020 (“ASTM B21/B21M”); IBR approved for § 56.60-2 table 1.

(24) ASTM B26/B26M-18, Standard Specification for Aluminum-Alloy Sand Castings, approved May 15, 2018 (“ASTM B26/B26M”); IBR approved for § 56.60-2 table 1.

(25) ASTM B42-20, Standard Specification for Seamless Copper Pipe, Standard Sizes, approved April 1, 2020 (“ASTM B42”); IBR approved for § 56.60-1 table 1.

(26) ASTM B43-15, Standard Specification for Seamless Red Brass Pipe, Standard Sizes, approved October 1, 2015 (“ASTM B43”); IBR approved for § 56.60-1 table 1.

(27) ASTM B68/B68M-19, Standard Specification for Seamless Copper Tube, Bright Annealed, approved April 1, 2019 (“ASTM B68/B68M”); IBR approved for § 56.60-1 table 1.

(28) ASTM B75/B75M-19, Standard Specification for Seamless Copper Tube, approved April 1, 2019 (“ASTM B75/B75M”); IBR approved for § 56.60-1 table 1.

(29) ASTM B85/B85M-18, Standard Specification for Aluminum-Alloy Die Castings, approved May 1, 2018 (“ASTM B85/B85M”); IBR approved for § 56.60-2 table 1.

(30) ASTM B96/B96M-16, Standard Specification for Copper-Silicon Alloy Plate, Sheet, Strip, and Rolled Bar for General Purposes and Pressure Vessels, approved April 1, 2016 (“ASTM B96/B96M”); IBR approved for § 56.60-2 table 1.

(31) ASTM B111/B111M-18a, Standard Specification for Copper and Copper-Alloy Seamless Condenser Tubes and Ferrule Stock, approved October 1, 2018 (“ASTM B111/B111M”); IBR approved for § 56.60-1 table 1.

(32) ASTM B124/B124M-18, Standard Specification for Copper and Copper Alloy Forging Rod, Bar, and Shapes, approved March 15, 2018 (“ASTM B124/B124M”); IBR approved for § 56.60-2 table 1.

(33) ASTM B161-05 (Reapproved 2019), Standard Specification for Nickel Seamless Pipe and Tube, approved April 1, 2019 (“ASTM B161”); IBR approved for § 56.60-1 table 1.

(34) ASTM B165-19, Standard Specification of Nickel-Copper Alloy Seamless Pipe and Tube, approved November 1, 2019 (“ASTM B165”); IBR approved for § 56.60-1 table 1.

(35) ASTM B167-18, Standard Specification for Nickel-Chromium-Aluminum Alloys (UNS N06699), Nickel-Chromium-Iron Alloys (UNS N06600, N06601, N06603, N06690, N06693, N06025, N06045, and N06696), Nickel-Chromium-Cobalt-Molybdenum Alloy (UNS N06617), Nickel-Iron-Chromium-Tungsten Alloy (UNS N06674), and Nickel-Chromium-Molybdenum-Copper Alloy (UNS N06235) Seamless Pipe and Tube, approved December 1, 2018 (“ASTM B167”); IBR approved for § 56.60-1 table 1.

(36) ASTM B171/B171M-18, Standard Specification for Copper-Alloy Plate and Sheet for Pressure Vessels, Condensers, and Heat Exchangers, approved October 1, 2018 (“ASTM B171/B171M”); IBR approved for § 56.60-2 table 1.

(37) ASTM B210/B210M-19a, Standard Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Drawn Seamless Tubes, approved November 1, 2019 (“ASTM B210/B210M”); IBR approved for § 56.60-1 table 1.

(38) ASTM B234-17, Standard Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Drawn Seamless Tubes for Surface Condensers, Evaporators, and Heat Exchangers, approved October 1, 2017 (“ASTM B234”); IBR approved for § 56.60-1 table 1.

(39) ASTM B241/B241M-16, Standard Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Seamless Pipe and Seamless Extruded Tube, approved February 1, 2016 (“ASTM B241/B241M”); IBR approved for § 56.60-1 table 1.

(40) ASTM B280-18, Standard Specification for Seamless Copper Tube for Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Field Service, approved March 1, 2018 (“ASTM B280”); IBR approved for § 56.60-1 table 1.

(41) ASTM B283/B283M-18, Standard Specification for Copper and Copper-Alloy Die Forgings (Hot-Pressed), approved March 1, 2018 (“ASTM B283/B283M”); IBR approved for § 56.60-2 table 1.

(42) ASTM B315-19, Standard Specification for Seamless Copper Alloy Pipe and Tube, approved April 1, 2019 (“ASTM B315”); IBR approved for § 56.60-1 table 1.

(43) ASTM B361-16, Standard Specification for Factory-Made Wrought Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Welding Fittings, approved May 1, 2016 (“ASTM B361”); IBR approved for § 56.60-1 table 1.

(44) ASTM B858-06 (Reapproved 2018), Standard Test Method for Ammonia Vapor Test for Determining Susceptibility to Stress Corrosion Cracking in Copper Alloys, approved March 1, 2018 (“ASTM B858”); IBR approved for § 56.60-2 table 1.

(45) ASTM E23-18, Standard Test Methods for Notched Bar Impact Testing of Metallic Materials, approved June 1, 2018 (“ASTM E23”); IBR approved for § 56.50-105(a).

(46) ASTM F1006-86 (Reapproved 2018), Standard Specification for Entrainment Separators for Use in Marine Piping Applications, approved September 1, 2018 (“ASTM F1006”); IBR approved for § 56.60-1 table 2.

(47) ASTM F1007-18, Standard Specification for Pipeline Expansion Joints of the Packed Slip Type for Marine Application, approved May 1, 2018 (“ASTM F1007”); IBR approved for § 56.60-1 table 2.

(48) ASTM F1020-86 (Reapproved 2018), Standard Specification for Line-Blind Valves for Marine Applications, approved March 1, 2018 (“ASTM F1020”); IBR approved for § 56.60-1 table 2.

(49) ASTM F1120-87 (Reapproved 2015), Standard Specification for Circular Metallic Bellows Type Expansion Joints for Piping Applications, approved May 1, 2015 (“ASTM F1120”); IBR approved for § 56.60-1 table 2.

(50) ASTM F1123-87 (Reapproved 2015), Standard Specification for Non-Metallic Expansion Joints, approved May 1, 2015 (“ASTM F1123”); IBR approved for § 56.60-1 table 2.

(51) ASTM F1139-88 (Reapproved 2015), Standard Specification for Steam Traps and Drains, approved May 1, 2015 (“ASTM F1139”); IBR approved for § 56.60-1 table 2.

(52) ASTM F1155-10 (Reapproved 2015), Standard Practice for Selection and Application of Piping System Materials, approved May 1, 2015 (“ASTM F1155”); IBR approved for §§ 56.50-60(d); 56.50-105 table 2; 56.60-1 tables 1 and 2; 56.60-15(a) and (b).

(53) ASTM F1172-88 (Reapproved 2015), Standard Specification for Fuel Oil Meters of the Volumetric Positive Displacement Type, approved May 1, 2015 (“ASTM F1172”); IBR approved for § 56.60-1 table 2.

(54) ASTM F1173-01 (Reapproved 2018), Standard Specification for Thermosetting Resin Fiberglass Pipe and Fittings to be Used for Marine Applications, approved March 1, 2018 (“ASTM F1173”); IBR approved for § 56.60-1 table 2.

(55) ASTM F1199-88 (Reapproved 2015), Standard Specification for Cast (All Temperatures and Pressures) and Welded Pipe Line Strainers (150 psig and 150 °F Maximum), approved May 1, 2015 (“ASTM F1199”); IBR approved for § 56.60-1 table 2.

(56) ASTM F1200-88 (Reapproved 2016), Standard Specification for Fabricated (Welded) Pipe Line Strainers (Above 150 psig and 150 °F), approved September 1, 2016 (“ASTM F1200”); IBR approved for § 56.60-1 table 2.

(57) ASTM F1201-88 (Reapproved 2016), Standard Specification for Fluid Conditioner Fittings in Piping Applications above 0 °F, approved September 1, 2016 (“ASTM F1201”); IBR approved for § 56.60-1 table 2.

(58) ASTM F1387-19, Standard Specification for Performance of Piping and Tubing Mechanically Attached Fittings, approved September 15, 2019 (“ASTM F1387”); IBR approved for § 56.30-25(a).

(59) ASTM F1476-07 (Reapproved 2013), Standard Specification for Performance of Gasketed Mechanical Couplings for Use in Piping Applications, approved October 1, 2013 (“ASTM F1476”); IBR approved for § 56.30-35(a).

(60) ASTM F1548-01 (Reapproved 2018), Standard Specification for the Performance of Fittings for Use with Gasketed Mechanical Couplings Used in Piping Applications, approved March 1, 2018 (“ASTM F1548”); IBR approved for § 56.30-35(a).

(d) Expansion Joint Manufacturers Association Inc. (EJMA), 25 North Broadway, Tarrytown, NY 10591; 914-332-0040; www.ejma.org .

(1) Standards of the Expansion Joint Manufacturers Association, Tenth Edition (with errata), 2016; IBR approved for § 56.60-1table 2.

(2) [Reserved]

(e) Fluid Controls Institute Inc. (FCI), 1300 Sumner Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio, 44115; 216-241-7333; www.fluidcontrolsinstitute.org .

(1) ANSI/FCI 69-1-2017, Pressure Rating Standard for Steam Traps, 2017 (“FCI 69-1”); IBR approved for § 56.60-1table 2.

(2) [Reserved]

(f) International Maritime Organization (IMO Publications Section), 4 Albert Embankment, London SE1 7SR, United Kingdom; [phone]; [email protected] ; www.imo.org .

(1) Resolution A.753(18) Guidelines for the Application of Plastic Pipes on Ships, adopted on 4 November 1993 (“IMO Resolution A.753(18)”); IBR approved for § 56.60-25(a).

(2) Resolution MSC.313(88), Amendments to the Guidelines for the Application of Plastic Pipes on Ships, adopted November 26, 2010 (“IMO Resolution MSC.313(88)”); IBR approved for § 56.60-25(a).

(3) SOLAS, Consolidated text of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974, and its Protocol of 1988: articles, annexes and certificates, Consolidated Edition, January 1, 2020 (“SOLAS”); IBR approved for § 56.50-50(a).

(g) International Organization for Standardization (ISO), Chemin de Blandonnet 8, CP 401-1214, Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland; [phone]; [email protected] ; www.iso.org .

(1) ISO 15540:2016(E) Ships and Marine Technology—Fire resistance of non-metallic hose assemblies and non-metallic compensators—Test methods, Second Edition, July 15, 2016 (“ISO 15540”); IBR approved for § 56.60-25(b).

(2) [Reserved]

(h) Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fittings Industry, Inc. (MSS), 127 Park Street NE, Vienna, VA 22180-4601; 703-281-6613; www.msshq.org .

(1) MSS SP-6-2017, Standard Finishes for Contact Faces of Pipe Flanges and Connecting-End Flanges of Valves and Fittings, published March 2017 (“MSS SP-6”); IBR approved for §§ 56.25-10(a); 56.60-1 table 2.

(2) MSS SP-9-2013, Spot Facing for Bronze, Iron and Steel Flanges, published March 2013 (“MSS SP-9”); IBR approved for § 56.60-1 table 2.

(3) ANSI/MSS SP-25-2018, Standard Marking System for Valves, Fittings, Flanges and Unions, published September 2018 (“MSS SP-25”); IBR approved for §§ 56.15-1(e); 56.20-5; 56.60-1 table 2.

(4) MSS SP-45-2003, Bypass and Drain Connections, 2008 Edition, originally approved July 1953, reaffirmed 2008, (“MSS SP-45”); IBR approved for §§ 56.20-20(a); 56.60-1(b).

(5) MSS SP-51-2012, Class 150LW Corrosion Resistant Flanges and Cast Flanged Fittings, published May 2012 (“MSS SP-51”); IBR approved for § 56.60-1 table 2.

(6) MSS SP-53-2012, Quality Standard for Steel Castings and Forgings for Valves, Flanges, Fittings, and Other Piping Components-Magnetic Particle Examination Method, published December 2012 (“MSS SP-53”); IBR approved for § 56.60-1 table 2.

(7) ANSI/MSS SP-55-2011, Quality Standard for Steel Castings for Valves, Flanges, Fittings and Other Piping Components-Visual Method for Evaluation of Surface Irregularities, published October 2011 (“MSS SP-55”); IBR approved for § 56.60-1 table 2.

(8) ANSI/MSS SP-58-2009, Pipe Hangers and Supports-Materials, Design, Manufacture, Selection, Application, and Installation, published October 2011 (“MSS SP-58”); IBR approved for § 56.60-1 table 2.

(9) MSS SP-61-2019, Pressure Testing of Valves, published December 2019 (“MSS SP-61”); IBR approved for § 56.60-1 table 2.

(i) SAE International (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096; 724-776-4841; [email protected] ; www.sae.org .

(1) SAE J1475 JUN2014, Hydraulic Hose Fitting for Marine Applications, stabilized June 2014 (“SAE J1475”); IBR approved for § 56.60-25(b).

(2) J1942 MAR2019, Hose and Hose Assemblies for Marine Applications, revised March 2019 (“SAE J1942”); IBR approved for § 56.60-25(b).

§ 56.01-3 Power boilers, external piping, and appurtenances (Replaces 100.1.1, 100.1.2, 122.1, 132 and 133).

(a) Power boiler external piping and components must meet the requirements of this part and §§ 52.01-105, 52.01-110, 52.01-115, and 52.01-120 of this subchapter.

(b) Specific requirements for external piping and appurtenances of power boilers, as defined in Secs. 100.1.1 and 100.1.2, appearing in the various paragraphs of ASME B31.1 (incorporated by reference; see § 56.01-2), are not adopted unless specifically indicated elsewhere in this part.

§ 56.01-5 Adoption of ASME B31.1 for power piping, and other standards.

(a) Piping systems for ships and barges must be designed, constructed, and inspected in accordance with ASME B31.1 (incorporated by reference; see § 56.01-2), as limited, modified, or replaced by specific requirements in this part. The provisions in the appendices to ASME B31.1 are adopted and must be followed when the requirements of ASME B31.1 or the rules in this part make them mandatory. For general information, table 1 to § 56.01-5(a) lists the various paragraphs and sections in ASME B31.1 that are limited, modified, replaced, or reproduced by rules in this part.

Table 1 to § 56.01-5 (a) —Limitations and Modifications in the Adoption of ASME B31.1 for Pressure and Power Piping

Table 1 to § 56.01-5 (a) —Limitations and Modifications in the Adoption of ASME B31.1 for Pressure and Power Piping

Section or paragraph in ASME B31.1 and disposition

Unit in this part

100.1 replaced by

56.01-1.

100.2 modified by

56.07-5.

101 through 104.7 modified by

56.07-10.

101.2 modified by

56.07-10(a), (b).

101.5 replaced by

56.07-10(c).

102.2 modified by

56.07-10(d).

102.3 and 104.1.2 modified by

56.07-10(e).

104.3 modified by

56.07-10(f).

104.4 modified by

56.07-10(e).

104.5.1 modified by

56.30-10.

105 through 108 replaced by

56.10-1 through 56.25-20.

110 through 118 replaced by

56.30-1 through 56.30-35.

119.5.1 replaced by

56.35-10, 56.35-15.

119.7 replaced by

56.35-1.

122.1.4 replaced by

56.50-40.

122.3 modified by

56.50-97.

122.6 through 122.10 replaced by

56.50-1 through 56.50-80.

123 replaced by

56.60-1.

Table 126.1 is replaced by

56.30-5(c)(3), 56.60-1.

127 through 135 replaced by

56.65-1, 56.70-10 through 56.90-10.

136 replaced by

56.95-1 through 56.95-10.

137 replaced by

56.97-1 through 56.97-40.

(b) When a section or paragraph of the regulations in this part relates to material in ASME B31.1, the relationship with ASME B31.1 will appear immediately after the heading of the section or at the beginning of the paragraph as follows:

(1) (Modifies __.) This indicates that the material in ASME B31.1 so numbered for identification is generally applicable but is being altered, amplified, or augmented.

(2) (Replaces __.) This indicates that the material in ASME B31.1 so numbered for identification does not apply.

(3) (Reproduces __.) This indicates that the material in ASME B31.1 so numbered for identification is being identically reproduced for convenience, not for emphasis.

(c) As stated in § 56.01-2, the standards of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) and ASME specifically referred to in this part must be the governing requirements for the matters covered unless specifically limited, modified, or replaced by other rules in this subchapter. See § 56.60-1(b) for the other adopted commercial standards applicable to piping systems that also constitute this subchapter.

§ 56.01-10 Plan approval.

(a) Plans and specifications for new construction and major alterations showing the respective piping systems must be submitted, as required by subpart 50.20 of this subchapter.

(b) Piping materials and appliances, such as pipe, tubing, fittings, flanges, and valves, except safety relief valves covered in part 162 of subchapter Q of this chapter, are not required to be specifically approved by the Commandant, but must comply with the applicable requirements for materials, construction, markings, and testing. These materials and appliances must be certified as described in part 50 of this subchapter. Drawings listing material specifications and showing details of welded joints for pressure-containing appurtenances of welded construction must be submitted in accordance with paragraph (a) of this section.

(c)(1) Prior to installation aboard ship, diagrams of the following systems must be submitted for approval:

(i) Steam and exhaust piping.

(ii) Boiler feed and blowoff piping.

(iii) Safety valve escape piping.

(iv) Fuel oil service, transfer, and filling piping. (Service includes boiler fuel and internal combustion engine fuel piping.)

(v) Fire extinguishing systems including fire main and sprinkler piping, inert gas and foam.

(vi) Bilge and ballast piping.

(vii) Tank cleaning piping.

(viii) Condenser circulating water piping.

(ix) Vent, sound, and overflow piping.

(x) Sanitary drains, soil drains, deck drains, and overboard discharge piping.

(xi) Internal combustion engine exhaust piping. (Refer to part 58 of this subchapter for requirements.)

(xii) Cargo piping.

(xiii) Hot water heating systems if the temperature is greater than 121 °C (250 °F).

(xiv) Compressed air piping.

(xv) Fluid power and control systems (hydraulic, pneumatic). (Refer to subpart 58.30 of this subchapter for specific requirements.)

(xvi) Lubricating oil piping.

(xvii) Refrigeration and air conditioning piping. (Refer to part 58 of this subchapter for specific requirements.)

(2) Arrangement drawings of the following systems must also be submitted prior to installation:

(i) All Classes I, I-L, and II-L systems.

(ii) All Class II firemain, foam, sprinkler, bilge and ballast, vent sounding and overflow systems.

(iii) Other Class II systems only if specifically requested or required by regulations in this subchapter.

(d)(1) The drawings or diagrams must include a list of material, furnishing pipe diameters, wall thicknesses, design pressure, fluid temperature, applicable ASTM material or ANSI component specification, type, size, design standard, and rating of valves, flanges, and fittings.

(2) Pump rated capacity and pump shutoff head must appear on piping diagrams. Pump characteristic curves must be submitted for all pumps in the firemain and foam systems. These curves need not be submitted if the following information is shown on the drawing:

(i) Rated capacity and head at rated capacity.

(ii) Shutoff head.

(iii) Head at 150 percent rated capacity.

(3) Standard drawings of the following fabrication details must be submitted:

(i) Welding details for piping connections.

(ii) Welding details for nonstandard fittings (when appropriate).

(e) Plans of piping for industrial systems on mobile offshore drilling units must be submitted under subpart 58.60 of this subchapter.

(f) Where piping passes through watertight bulkheads and/or fire boundaries, plans of typical details of piping penetrations must be submitted.

(g) Arrangement drawings specified in paragraph (c)(2) of this section are not required if—

(1) The location of each component for which there is a location requirement ( i.e., shell penetration, fire station, foam monitor, etc.) is indicated on the piping diagram;

(2) The diagram includes, or is accompanied by and makes reference to, a material schedule which describes components in sufficient detail to substantiate their compliance with the regulations of this subchapter;

(3) A thermal stress analysis is not required; and

(4) A dynamic analysis is neither required nor elected in lieu of allowable stress reduction.

§ 56.04-1 Scope.

Piping is classified as shown in table 1 to § 56.04-1.

Table 1 to § 56.04-1—Piping Classifications

Service

Class

Section in this part

Normal

I, II

56.04-2

Low temperature

I-L, II-L

56.50-105

§ 56.04-2 Piping classification according to service.

The designation of classes according to service is found in table 1 to § 56.04-2.

Table 1 to § 56.04-2—Pressure Piping Classification

Service

Class 1

Pressure (p.s.i.g.)

Temp. (°F)

Class B and C poisons 2

I

any

and

0 and above.

I-L

any

and

below 0.

II

( 3 )

( 3 )

( 3 )

II-L

( 3 )

( 3 )

( 3 )

Gases and vapors 2

I

above 150

or

above 650.

I-L

above 150

and

below 0.

II

150 and below

and

0 to 650.

II-L

150 and below

and

below 0.

Liquefied flammable gases 2

I

above 150

and

0 and above. 1

I-L

above 150

and

below 0.

II

150 and below

and

0 and above.

II-L

150 and below

and

below 0.

Molten sulphur

I

above 225

or

above 330.

II

225 and below

and

330 and below.

Cargo liquids Grades A through D 2

I

above 225

or

above 150.

I-L

above 225

and

below 0.

II

225 and below

and

0 to 150.

II-L

225 and below

and

below 0.

Cargo liquids Grade E

I

above 225

or

above 400.

I-L

above 225

and

below 0.

II

225 and below

and

0 to 400.

II-L

225 and below

and

below 0.

Water

I

above 225

or

above 350.

II

225 and below

and

350 and below.

Fuels (Bunker, diesel, gasoline, etc.)

I

above 150

or

above 150.

II

150 and below

and

150 and below.

Lubricating oil

I

above 225

or

above 400.

II

225 and below

and

400 and below.

Asphalt

I

above 225

or

above 400.

II

225 and below

and

400 and below.

Heat transfer oil

I

above 225

or

above 400.

II

225 and below

and

400 and below.

Hydraulic fluid

I

above 225

or

above 400.

II

225 and below

and

400 and below.

Flammable or combustible dangerous cargoes.

Refer to specific requirements of part 40 of this chapter.

Other dangerous cargoes.

Refer to specific requirements of part 98 of this chapter.

1 Where doubt exists as to proper classification, refer to the Commandant for resolution.

2 For definitions, see parts 30, 151, and 154 of this chapter. Note that the category “B and C” poisons is not used in the rules applying to self-propelled vessels (part 153 of this chapter).

3 Not permitted except inside cargo tanks approved for Class B and C poisons.

§ 56.04-10 Other systems.

Piping systems and appurtenances not requiring plan approval may be accepted by the marine inspector if:

(a) The system is suitable for the service intended,

(b) There are guards, shields, insulation and similar devices where needed for protection of personnel,

(c) Failure of the systems would not hazard the vessel, personnel or vital systems, and

(d) The system is not manifestly unsafe.

§ 56.07-5 Definitions (modifies 100.2).

(a) Piping. The definitions contained in 100.2 of ASME B31.1 (incorporated by reference; see § 56.01-2) apply, as well as the following:

(1) The word piping within the meaning of the regulations in this subchapter refers to fabricated pipes or tubes with flanges and fittings attached, for use in the conveyance of vapors, gases or liquids, regardless of whether the diameter is measured on the inside or the outside.

(2) [Reserved]

(b) Nominal diameter. The term nominal diameter or diameter as used in this part, means the commercial diameter of the piping, i.e., pipe size.

(c) Schedule. The word Schedule when used in this part generally relates to the wall thickness of piping, and refers to specific values as given in ASME B36.10M and B36.19M (both incorporated by reference; see § 56.01-2).

(d) Fittings and appurtenances. The word fitting and the phrase fittings and appurtenances within the meaning of the regulations in this subchapter refer to pressure containing piping system components other than valves and pipe. This includes piping system components whose function is to join branches of the system (such as tees, wyes, elbows, unions, bushings, etc.) which are referred to as pipe joining fittings, as well as components which operate on the fluid contained in the system (such as traps, drains, strainers, separators, filters, meters, etc.), which are referred to as “fluid conditioner” fittings. Thermometer wells and other similar fittings which form part of the pressure barrier of any system are included under this heading. Expansion joints, slip joints, rotary joints, quick disconnect couplings, etc., are referred to as special purpose fittings, and may be subject to such special design and testing requirements as prescribed by the Commandant. Refer to subpart 56.15 for design requirements for fittings.

(e) Nonstandard fittings. “Nonstandard fitting” means a component of a piping system which is not fabricated under an adopted industry standard.

(f) Vital systems. (1) Vital systems are those systems that are vital to a vessel's survivability and safety. For the purpose of this subchapter, the following are vital systems:

(i) Systems for fill, transfer, and service of fuel oil;

(ii) Fire-main systems;

(iii) Fixed gaseous fire-extinguishing systems;

(iv) Bilge systems;

(v) Ballast systems;

(vi) Steering systems and steering-control systems;

(vii) Propulsion systems and their necessary auxiliaries and control systems;

(viii) Ship's service and emergency electrical-generation systems and their auxiliaries vital to the vessel's survivability and safety;

(ix) Any other marine-engineering system identified by the cognizant OCMI as crucial to the survival of the vessel or to the protection of the personnel aboard.

(2) For the purpose of this subchapter, a system not identified by paragraph (1) of this definition is a non-vital system.

§ 56.07-10 Design conditions and criteria (modifies 101-104.7).

(a) Maximum allowable working pressure. (1) The maximum allowable working pressure of a piping system must not be greater than the internal design pressure defined in 104.1.2 of ASME B31.1 (incorporated by reference; see § 56.01-2).

(2) Where the maximum allowable working pressure of a system component, such as a valve or a fitting, is less than that computed for the pipe or tubing, the system pressure must be limited to the lowest of the component maximum allowable working pressures.

(b) Relief valves. (Modifies 101.2.)

(1) Every system, which may be exposed to pressures higher than the system's maximum allowable working pressure, must be safeguarded by appropriate relief devices. Relief valves are required at pump discharges except for centrifugal pumps so designed and applied that a pressure in excess of the maximum allowable working pressure for the system cannot be developed.

(2) The relief valve setting must not exceed the maximum allowable working pressure of the system. Its relieving capacity must be sufficient to prevent the pressure from rising more than 20 percent above the system maximum allowable working pressure. The rated relieving capacity of safety and relief valves used in the protection of piping systems only must be based on actual flow test data and the capacity must be certified by the manufacturer at 120 percent of the set pressure of the valve.

(3) Relief valves must be certified as required in part 50 of this subchapter for valves, and must also meet the requirements of § 54.15-10 of this subchapter.

(c) Ship motion dynamic effects. (Replaces 101.5.3.) Piping system designs must account for the effects of ship motion and flexure, including weight, yaw, sway, roll, pitch, heave, and vibration.

(d) Ratings for pressure and temperature. (Modifies 102.2.) The material in 102.2 of ASME B31.1 applies, with the following exceptions:

(1) The details of components not having specific ratings as described in 102.2.2 of ASME B31.1 must be furnished to the Marine Safety Center for approval.

(2) Boiler blowoff piping must be designed in accordance with § 56.50-40.

(e) Pressure design. (Modifies 102.3, 104.1.2, and 104.4.)

(1) Materials for use in piping must be selected as described in § 56.60-1(a). Tabulated values of allowable stress for these materials must be measured as indicated in 102.3.1 of ASME B31.1.

(2) Allowable stress values, as found in the ASME BPVC, which are restricted in application by footnote or are italicized must not be used. Where multiple stresses are listed for a material, the lowest value of the listing must be used unless otherwise approved by the Commandant. In all cases, the temperature is understood to be the actual temperature of the component.

(3) Where the operator desires to use a material not listed, permission must be obtained from the Commandant. Requirements for testing found in subpart 56.97 may affect design and should be considered. Special design limitations may be found for specific systems. Refer to subpart 56.50 for specific requirements.

(f) Intersections. (Modifies 104.3.) The material in 104.3 of ASME B31.1 is applicable with the following additions:

(1) Reinforcement calculations where applicable shall be submitted.

(2) Wherever possible the longitudinal joint of a welded pipe should not be pierced.

§ 56.10-1 Selection and limitations of piping components (replaces 105 through 108).

(a) Pipe, tubing, pipe joining fittings, and piping system components, must meet material and standard requirements of subpart 56.60 and must meet the certification requirements of part 50 of this subchapter.

(b) The requirements in this subpart and in subparts 56.15 through 56.25 must be met instead of those in 105 through 108 in ASME B31.1 (incorporated by reference; see § 56.01-2); however, certain requirements are marked “reproduced.”

§ 56.10-5 Pipe.

(a) General. Pipe and tubing must be selected as described in table 1 to § 56.60-1.

(b) Ferrous pipe. ASTM A53/A53M (incorporated by reference, see § 56.01-2) furnace welded pipe must not be used for combustible or flammable liquids within machinery spaces. (See §§ 30.10-15 and 30.10-22 of this chapter for definitions of combustible and flammable liquids.)

(c) Nonferrous pipe. (See also § 56.60-20.)

(1) Copper and brass pipe for water and steam service may be used for design pressures up to 250 psig and for design temperatures to 406 °F.

(2) Copper and brass pipe for air may be used in accordance with the allowable stresses of the materials found from table 1 to § 56.60-1.

(3) Copper-nickel alloys may be used for water and steam service within the design limits of stress and temperature indicated in ASME B31.1 (incorporated by reference; see § 56.01-2).

(4) Copper tubing may be used for instrument service up to 1,000 psig.

(5) Copper, brass, or aluminum pipe or tube must not be used for flammable fluids except where specifically permitted by this part.

(6) Aluminum-alloy pipe or tube along with similar junction equipment may be used within the limitation stated in 124.7 of ASME B31.1 and paragraph (c)(5) of this section.

(d) Nonmetallic pipe. Plastic pipe may be used subject to the conditions described in § 56.60-25.

§ 56.15-1 Pipe joining fittings.

(a) Pipe joining fittings meeting the standards specified in this part and certified in accordance with subpart 50.25 of this subchapter are acceptable for use in piping systems.

(b) Threaded, flanged, socket-welding, butt-welding, and socket-brazing pipe joining fittings, made in accordance with the applicable standards in tables 1 and 2 to § 56.60-1 and of materials complying with subpart 56.60, may be used in piping systems within the material, size, pressure, and temperature limitations of those standards and within any further limitations specified in this subchapter. Fittings must be designed for the maximum pressure to which they may be subjected, but in no case less than 50 psig.

(c) Pipe joining fittings not accepted for use in piping systems in accordance with paragraph (b) of this section must meet the following:

(1) All pressure-containing materials must be accepted in accordance with § 56.60-1.

(2) The maximum allowable working pressure may be determined by—

(i) Calculations comparable to those of ASME B31.1 (incorporated by reference; see § 56.01-2) or Section VIII of the ASME BPVC (incorporated by reference; see § 56.01-2);

(ii) Subjecting a representative model to a proof test or experimental stress analysis described in paragraph A-22 of Section I of the ASME BPVC (incorporated by reference; see § 56.01-2); or

(iii) Other means specifically accepted by the Marine Safety Center.

(3) Fittings must be tested in accordance with § 56.97-5.

(4) If welded, fittings must be welded in accordance with subpart 56.70 and part 57 of this chapter or by other processes specifically approved by the Marine Safety Center. In addition, for fittings to be accepted for use in piping systems in accordance with this paragraph, the following requirements must be met:

(i) For fittings sized three inches and below—

(A) The longitudinal joints must be fabricated by either gas or arc welding;

(B) One fitting of each size from each lot of 100 or fraction thereof must be flattened cold until the opposite walls meet without the weld developing any cracks;

(C) One fitting of each size from each lot of 100 or fraction thereof must be hydrostatically tested to the pressure required for a seamless drawn pipe of the same size and thickness produced from equivalent strength material, as determined by the applicable pipe material specification; and

(D) If a fitting fails to meet the test in paragraph (c)(4)(i)(B) or (C) of this section, no fitting in the lot from which the test fitting was chosen is acceptable.

(ii) For fittings sized above three inches—

(A) The longitudinal joints must be fabricated by arc welding;

(B) For pressures exceeding 150 psig, each fitting must be radiographically examined as specified in Section VIII of the ASME BPVC;

(C) For pressures not exceeding 150 psig, the first fitting from each size in each lot of 20 or fraction thereof must be examined by radiography to ensure that the welds are of acceptable quality;

(D) One fitting of each size from each lot of 100 or fraction thereof must be hydrostatically tested to the pressure required for a seamless drawn pipe of the same size and thickness produced from equivalent strength material, as determined by the applicable pipe material specification; and

(E) If a fitting fails to meet the test in paragraph (c)(4)(ii)(C) or (D) of this section, no fitting in the lot from which the test fitting was chosen is acceptable.

(d) Single welded butt joints without the use of backing strips may be employed in the fabrication of pipe joining fittings of welded construction provided radiographic examination indicates that complete penetration is obtained.

(e) Each pipe joining fitting must be marked in accordance with MSS SP-25 (incorporated by reference; see § 56.01-2).

§ 56.15-5 Fluid-conditioner fittings.

(a) Fluid-conditioner fittings meeting the standards of this part and certified in accordance with subpart 50.25 of this subchapter are acceptable for use in piping systems.

(b) Fluid-conditioner fittings made in accordance with the applicable standards listed in table 2 to § 56.60-1 and of materials complying with subpart 56.60 of this part, may be used within the material, size, fluid, pressure, and temperature limitations of those standards and within any further limitations specified in this subchapter.

(c) The maximum allowable working pressure may be determined in accordance with § 56.15-1(c).

(d) If nonstandard fluid-conditioner fittings are welded, they must be welded in accordance with subpart 56.70 of this part and part 57 of this subchapter or by other processes specifically approved by the Marine Safety Center.

(e) Heat exchangers having headers and tubes, and brazed boiler steam air heaters, are not considered fluid-conditioner fittings and must meet the requirements in part 54 of this subchapter regardless of size. For brazed boiler steam air heaters, see also § 56.30-30(b)(1)t.

§ 56.15-10 Special purpose fittings.

(a) Special purpose fittings made in accordance with the applicable standards listed in table 2 to § 56.60-1 of this part and of materials complying with subpart 56.60, may be used within the material, size, pressure, and temperature limitations of those standards and within any further limitations specified in this subchapter.

(b) Nonstandard special purpose fittings must meet the requirements of §§ 56.30-25, 56.30-40, 56.35-10, or 56.35-15, as applicable.

§ 56.20-1 General.

(a) Valves certified in accordance with subpart 50.25 of this subchapter are acceptable for use in piping systems.

(b) Non-welded valves complying with the standards listed in § 56.60-1 may be used within the specified pressure and temperature ratings of those standards, provided the limitations of § 56.07-10(c) are applied. Materials must comply with subpart 56.60. Welded valves complying with the standards and specifications listed in § 56.60-1 may be used in Class II systems only unless they meet paragraph (c) of this section.

(c) All other valves must meet the following:

(1) All materials must be accepted in accordance with § 56.60-1.

(2) The maximum allowable working pressure may be determined by § 56.15-1(c)(2).

(3) Valves must be tested in accordance with the requirements of the applicable incorporated standard or subpart 56.97.

(4) If welded, valves must be welded in accordance with subpart 56.70 and part 57 of this subchapter or by other processes specifically approved by the Marine Safety Center.

§ 56.20-5 Marking (modifies 107.2).

Marking must be in accordance with MSS SP-25 (incorporated by reference; see § 56.01-2).

§ 56.20-7 Ends.

(a) Valves may be used with flanged, threaded, butt welding, socket welding or other ends in accordance with applicable standards as specified in subpart 56.60.

(b) [Reserved]

§ 56.20-9 Valve construction.

(a) Each valve must close with a right-hand (clockwise) motion of the handwheel or operating lever as seen by one facing the end of the valve stem. Each nonrising-stem valve, lever-operated valve, or other valve where, because of design, the position of the disc or closure mechanism is not obvious must be fitted with an indicator to show whether the valve is opened or closed. No such indicator is required for any valve located in a tank or similar inaccessible space when indicators are available at accessible sites. The operating levers of quarter-turn valves must be parallel to the fluid flow when open and perpendicular to the fluid flow when closed.

(b) Valves of Class I piping systems having diameters exceeding 2 inches must have bolted, pressure seal, or breech lock bonnets and flanged or welding ends. Socket type welding ends must meet § 56.30-5(c) and § 56.30-10(b)(4). For diameters not exceeding 2 inches, screwed union bonnet or bolted bonnet, or bonnetless valves, which prevent the stem from screwing out of the body, may be employed. Outside screw and yoke design must be used for valves 3 inches and larger for pressures above 600 psig. Cast iron valves with screwed-in or screwed-over bonnets are prohibited. Union bonnet type cast iron valves must have the bonnet ring made of steel, bronze, or malleable iron.

(c) Valves must be designed for the maximum pressure to which they may be subjected, but in no case must the design pressure be less than 50 psig. The use of wafer type resilient seated valves is subject to the requirements of § 56.20-15.

(d) Disks or disk faces, seats, stems, and other wearing parts of valves must be made of material possessing corrosion and heat-resisting qualities suitable for the service conditions to which they may be subjected.

(e) Plug cocks must be constructed with satisfactory and positive means of preventing the plug from becoming loosened or removed from the body when the plug is operated.

(f) Cocks must be marked in a straight line with the body to indicate whether they are open or closed.

§ 56.20-15 Valves employing resilient material.

(a) A valve in which the closure is accomplished by resilient nonmetallic material instead of a metal-to-metal seat must comply with the design, material, construction, and testing for valves specified in this section.

(b) Valves employing resilient material are divided into three categories: Positive shutoff, Category A, and Category B, and must be tested and used as follows:

(1) Positive shutoff valves. The closed valve must pass less than 10 ml/hr (0.34 fluid oz/hr) of liquid, or less than 3 l/hr (0.11 cubic ft/hr) of gas per inch nominal pipe size through the line at full rated pressure after being subjected to the fire test requirements of API 607 (incorporated by reference; see § 56.01-2). Packing material must be fire resistant. Piping subject to internal head pressure from a tank containing oil must be fitted with positive shutoff valves located at the tank in accordance with § 56.50-60(d). Positive shutoff valves may be used in any location in lieu of a Category A or Category B valve.

(2) Category A valves. Category A valves may be used in any location except where positive shutoff valves are required by § 56.50-60(d). To be qualified as a Category A valve, the valve must meet the fire test and leakage requirements of API 607.

(i) Category A valves are required at vital piping system manifolds;

(ii) Category A valves must be used in isolation valves in cross-connects between two piping systems, at least one of which is a vital system, where failure of the valve in a fire would prevent the vital system(s) from functioning as designed; and

(iii) Category A valves must be used for valves providing closure for any opening in the shell of the vessel.

(3) Category B valves. The closed valve will not provide effective closure of the line or will permit appreciable leakage from the valve after the resilient material is damaged or destroyed. Category B valves are not required to be tested and may be used in any location except where a Category A or positive shutoff valve is required.

(c) Resiliently seated valves previously accepted by the Commandant or the Marine Safety Center may continue to be used within the service restrictions of their acceptance.

§ 56.20-20 Valve bypasses.

(a) Sizes of bypasses must be in accordance with MSS SP-45 (incorporated by reference; see § 56.01-2).

(b) Pipe for bypasses should be at least Schedule 80 seamless, and of a material of the same nominal chemical composition and physical properties as that used for the main line. Lesser thickness may be approved depending on the installation and service conditions.

§ 56.25-5 Flanges.

Each flange must conform to the design requirements of either the applicable standards of table 2 to § 56.60-1, or of those of Appendix 2 of Section VIII of the ASME BPVC (incorporated by reference; see § 56.01-2). Plate flanges must meet the requirements of § 56.30-10(b)(5). Flanges may be integral or may be attached to pipe by threading, welding, brazing, or other means within the applicable standards specified in table 2 to § 56.60-1.

§ 56.25-7 Blanks.

Each blank must conform to the design requirements of 104.5.3 of ASME B31.1 (incorporated by reference; see § 56.01-2).

§ 56.25-10 Flange facings.

Flange facings must be in accordance with the applicable standards listed in table 2 to § 56.60-1 and MSS SP-6 (incorporated by reference; see § 56.01-2).

§ 56.25-15 Gaskets (modifies 108.4).

(a) Gaskets must be made of materials which are not injuriously affected by the fluid or by temperature.

(b) Each gasket must conform to the design requirements of the applicable standards of table 2 to § 56.60-1.

(c) Only metallic and suitable asbestos-free nonmetallic gaskets may be used on flat or raised face flanges if the expected normal operating pressure exceeds 720 psig or the operating temperature exceeds 750 °F.

(d) The use of metal and nonmetallic gaskets is not limited as to pressure provided the gasket materials are suitable for the maximum fluid temperatures.

§ 56.25-20 Bolting.

(a)(1) Bolts, studs, nuts, and washers must comply with applicable standards and specifications listed in § 56.60-1. Bolting must be in accordance with ASME B16.5 (incorporated by reference; see § 56.01-2).

(2) Bolts and studs must extend completely through the nuts.

(3) See § 58.30-15(c) of this subchapter for exceptions on bolting used in fluid power and control systems.

(b) Carbon steel bolts or bolt studs may be used if operating pressure does not exceed 300 psig and the operating temperature does not exceed 400 °F. Carbon steel bolts must have heavy hexagon heads in accordance with ASME B18.2.1 (incorporated by reference, see § 56.01-2) and must have heavy semifinished hexagonal nuts in accordance with ASME B18.2.2 (incorporated by reference, see § 56.01-2).

(c) Alloy steel stud bolts must be threaded full length and use heavy semifinished hexagonal nuts in accordance with ASME B18.2.2.

(d) Alloy bolts or studs and nuts are to be threaded in accordance with ASME B1.1 (incorporated by reference; see § 56.01-2), Class 2A external threads, and Class 2B internal threads (8-thread series 8UN for one inch and larger).

(e) (Reproduces 108.5.1.) Washers, when used under nuts, must be of forged or rolled material with steel washers being used under steel nuts and bronze washers under bronze nuts.

§ 56.30-1 Scope (replaces 110 through 118).

The selection and limitation of piping joints must be as required by this subpart rather than as required by 110 through 118 of ASME B31.1 (incorporated by reference; see § 56.01-2); however, certain requirements are marked “reproduced” in this subpart.

§ 56.30-3 Piping joints (reproduces 110).

The type of piping joint used must be suitable for the design conditions and must be selected with consideration of joint tightness, mechanical strength and the nature of the fluid handled.

§ 56.30-5 Welded joints.

(a) General. Welded joints may be used for materials for which welding procedures, welders, and welding machine operators have been qualified in accordance with part 57 of this subchapter.

(b) Butt welds—general. Butt welds may be made with or without backing or insert rings within the limitations established in § 56.70-15. When the use of backing rings will result in undesirable conditions such as severe stress concentrations, corrosion or erosion, then:

(1) The backing rings must be removed and the inside of the joint ground smooth, or

(2) The joint must be welded without backing rings, or

(3) Consumable insert rings must be used. Commonly used types of butt-welding end preparations are shown in ASME B16.25 (incorporated by reference; see § 56.01-2).

(4) Restrictions as to the use of backing rings appear for the low temperature piping systems and should be checked when designing for these systems.

(c) Socket welds. (Modifies 127.3.3A.)

(1) Each socket weld must conform to ASME B16.11 (incorporated by reference; see § 56.01-2), to applicable standards listed in table 2 to § 56.60-1, and to Figure 127.4.4C in ASME B31.1 (incorporated by reference; see § 56.01-2) as modified by § 56.30-10(b)(4).

(2) Restrictions on the use of socket welds appear in § 56.70-15(d)(3) for Class I service and in § 56.50-105 for low temperature service. See § 56.70-15(d)(4) for Class II service.

(d) Fillet welds. The size of a fillet weld is determined as shown in Figure 127.4.4A of ASME B31.1. Fillet-weld details for socket-welding components must meet § 56.30-5(c). Fillet-weld details for flanges must meet § 56.30-10 (see also § 56.70-15(d)(3) and (4) for applications of fillet welds).

(e) Seal welds. Seal welds may be used but must not be considered as contributing any strength to the joint.

§ 56.30-10 Flanged joints (modifies 104.5.1(a)).

(a) Flanged or butt-welded joints are required for Classes I and I-L piping for nominal diameters exceeding 2 inches, except as otherwise specified in this subchapter.

(b) Flanges may be attached by any method shown in figure 1 to § 56.30-10(b) or by any means approved by the Marine Safety Center. Pressure temperature ratings of the appropriate ASME standard must not be exceeded.

(1) Figure 1 to § 56.30-10(b), Method 1. Flanges with screw threads may be used in accordance with table 1 to § 56.30-20(c).

(2) Figure 1 to § 56.30-10(b), Method 2. ASME B16.5 (incorporated by reference; see § 56.01-2) Class 150 and Class 300 low-hubbed flanges with screw threads, plus the addition of a strength fillet weld of the size as shown, may be used in Class I systems not exceeding 750 °F or 4 NPS, in Class II systems, and in Class II-L systems not exceeding 1 NPS. If 100 percent radiography is required by § 56.95-10 threaded flanges are not permitted and buttwelding flanges must be provided.

(3) Figure 1 to § 56.30-10(b), Method 3. Slip-on flanges meeting ASME B16.5 may be used in piping systems of Class I, Class II, or Class II-L not to exceed the service pressure-temperature ratings, and not to exceed 4-inch Nominal Pipe Size (NPS) in systems of Class I and Class II-L. If 100 percent radiography is required by § 56.95-10, slip-on flanges are not permitted and butt-welding flanges are required. Restrictions on the use of slip-on flanges appear in § 56.50-105 for low-temperature piping systems.

(4) Figure 1 to § 56.30-10(b), Method 4. ASME B16.5 socket welding flanges may be used in Class I or II-L systems not exceeding 3 NPS for class 600 and lower class flanges and 2

1/2 NPS for class 900 and class 1500 flanges within the service pressure-temperature ratings of the standard. Whenever full radiography is required by § 56.95-10 socket welding flanges are not permitted, and a butt weld type connection must be provided. For Class II piping, socket-welding flanges may be used without diameter limitation. Restrictions on socket welds appear in § 56.50-105 for low temperature piping systems.

(5) Figure 1 to § 56.30-10(b), Method 5. Flanges fabricated from steel plate meeting the requirements of part 54 of this subchapter may be used for Class II piping for pressures not exceeding 150 psig and temperatures not exceeding 450 °F. Plate material listed in UCS-6(b) of Section VIII of the ASME BPVC (incorporated by reference; see § 56.01-2) may not be used in this application, except that material meeting ASTM A36/A36M (incorporated by reference; see § 56.01-2) may be used. The fabricated flanges must conform at least to the ASME B16.5 class 150-flange dimensions.

(6) Figure 1 to § 56.30-10 (b), Method 6. Steel plate flanges meeting the material and construction requirements listed in paragraph (b)(5) of this section may be used for Class II piping for pressures not exceeding 150 psig or temperatures not exceeding 650 °F. The flange must be attached to the pipe as shown by figure 1 to § 56.30-10(b), Method 6.

(7) Figure 1 to § 56.30-10 (b), Method 7. Lap joint flanges (Van Stone) may be used for Class I and Class II piping. The ends of the pipe must be heated from 1,650 to 1,900 °F based on the size of the pipe. Extra thickness of metal built up in the end of the pipe must be machined to restore the pipe to its original diameter. The width of the lap flange must be at least three times the thickness of the pipe wall and the end of the pipe must be properly stress relieved after the flanging operation is completed. Manufacturers desiring to produce this type of joint must demonstrate to a marine inspector that they have the proper equipment and personnel to produce an acceptable joint.

(8) Figure 1 to § 56.30-10(b), Method 8. Welding neck flanges may be used on any piping provided the flanges are butt-welded to the pipe. The joint must be welded as indicated by Figure 1 to § 56.30-10(b), Method 8, and a backing ring employed which will permit complete penetration of the weld metal. If a backing ring is not used, refer to § 56.30-5(b) for requirements.

(9) Figure 1 to § 56.30-10(b), Method 9. Welding neck flanges may also be attached to pipe by a double-welded butt joint as shown by Figure 1 to § 56.30-10(b), Method 9.

(10) Figure 1 to § 56.30-10 (b), Method 10. Flanges may be attached by shrinking the flange on to the end of the pipe and flaring the end of the pipe to an angle of not less than 20°. A fillet weld of the size shown by figure 1 to § 56.30-10(b), Method 10, must be used to attach the hub to the pipe. This flange is limited to a pressure of 300 psig and a temperature not exceeding of 500 °F.

(11) Figure 1 to § 56.30-10(b), Method 11. The flange of the type described and illustrated by figure 1 to § 56.30-10(b), Method 10, except with the fillet weld omitted, may be used for Class II piping not exceeding 150 psig and temperatures not exceeding 450 °F.

(12) Figure 1 to § 56.30-10(b), Method 12. High-hub bronze flanges may be used for temperatures not exceeding 425 °F. A preinserted ring of silver brazing alloy having a melting point not less than 1,000 °F must be inserted into the groove. A suitable flux must be applied to the surfaces to be joined to produce a satisfactory joint.

(13) Figure 1 to § 56.30-10(b), Method 13. The type of flange as described for Figure 1 to § 56.30-10(b), Method 12, may be employed and in lieu of an annular groove being machined in the hub of the flange for the preinserted ring of silver brazing alloy, a bevel may be machined on the end of the hub and the silver brazing alloy introduced from the end of the hub to attach the pipe to the flange.

(14) Figure 1 to § 56.30-10(b), Method 14. Flanges may be attached to nonferrous pipe by inserting the pipe in the flange and flanging the end of the pipe into the recess machined in the face of the flange to receive it. The pipe must be securely brazed to the wall of the flange.

(15) Figure 1 to § 56.30-10(b), Method 15. The flange of the type described and illustrated by Figure 1 to § 56.30-10(b), Method 14, except with the brazing omitted, may be used for Class II piping and where the temperature does not exceed 250 °F.

Figure 1 to § 56.30-10(b)—Methods of Attachment

Note 1 to figure 1 to § 56.30-10(b):

“T” is the nominal pipe wall thickness used. Consult the text of paragraph (b) of this section for modifications on Class II piping systems. Fillet weld leg size need not exceed the thickness of the applicable ASME hub.

§ 56.30-15 Expanded or rolled joints.

(a) Expanded or rolled joints may be used where experience or test has demonstrated that the joint is suitable for the design conditions and where adequate provisions are made to prevent separation of the joint. Specific application for use must be made to the Commandant.

(b) [Reserved]

§ 56.30-20 Threaded joints.

(a) Threaded joints may be used within the limitations specified in subpart 56.15 of this chapter and within other limitations specified in this section.

(b) (Modifies 114.1.) All threads on piping components must be taper pipe threads in accordance with the applicable standard listed in table 2 to § 56.60-1. Threads other than taper pipe threads may be used for piping components where tightness of the joint depends on a seal weld or a seating surface other than the threads, and where experience or test has demonstrated that such threads are suitable.

(c) Threaded joints may not be used where severe erosion, crevice corrosion, shock, or vibration is expected to occur; or at temperatures over 925 °F. Size limitations are given in table 1 to § 56.30-20(c).

Table 1 to § 56.30-20( c )—Threaded Joints 1 2

Maximum nominal size, inches

Maximum pressure, psig

Above 2″

(Not permitted in Class I piping service.)

Above 1″ up to 2″

600.

Above 3 ⁄ 4 ″ up to 1″

1,200.

3 ⁄ 4 ″ and below

1,500.

1 Further restrictions on the use of threaded joints appear in the low temperature piping section.

2 Threaded joints in hydraulic systems are permitted above the pressures indicated for the nominal sizes shown.

(d) No pipe with a wall thickness less than that of standard weight of ASME B36.10M (incorporated by reference; see § 56.01-2) steel pipe may be threaded. For restrictions on the use of pipe in steam service more than 250 psig or water service over 100 psig and 200 °F (93.3 °C), see part 104.1.2(c)(1) of ASME B31.1 (incorporated by reference; see § 56.01-2).

§ 56.30-25 Flared, flareless, and compression fittings.

(a) This section applies to pipe fittings that are mechanically connected to pipe by such means as ferrules, flared ends, swaging, elastic strain preload, crimping, bite-type devices, and shape memory alloys. Fittings to which this section applies must be designed, constructed, tested, and marked in accordance with ASTM F1387 (incorporated by reference, see § 56.01-2). Previously approved fittings may be retained to the satisfaction of the Officer in Charge, Marine Inspection.

(b) Flared, flareless and compression fittings may be used within the service limitations of size, pressure, temperature, and vibration recommended by the manufacturer and as specified in this section.

(c) Flared, flareless, and compression type tubing fittings may be used for tube sizes not exceeding 50 millimeters (2 inches) outside diameter within the limitations of applicable standards and specifications listed in this section and § 56.60-1.

(d) Flareless fittings must be of a design in which the gripping member or sleeve must grip or bite into the outer surface of the tube with sufficient strength to hold the tube against pressure, but without appreciably distorting the inside tube diameter. The gripping member must also form a pressure seal against the fitting body.

(e) For fluid services, other than hydraulic systems, using a combustible fluid as defined in § 30.10-15 of this chapter and for fluid services using a flammable fluid as defined in § 30.10-22 of this chapter, flared fittings must be used; except that flareless fittings of the nonbite type may be used when the tubing system is of steel, nickel copper or copper nickel alloy. When using copper or copper zinc alloy, flared fittings are required. (See also § 56.50-70 for gasoline fuel systems, § 56.50-75 for diesel fuel systems, and § 58.25-20 of this subchapter for hydraulic systems for steering gear.)

§ 56.30-27 Caulked joints.

Caulked joints may not be used.

§ 56.30-30 Brazed joints.

(a) General (refer also to subpart 56.75). The minimum socket depth must be sufficient for the intended service. Brazing alloy must either be end-fed into the socket or must be provided in the form of a preinserted ring in a groove in the socket. The brazing alloy must be sufficient to fill completely the annular clearance between the socket and the pipe or tube.

(b) Limitations. (1) Brazed socket-type joints must not be used on systems containing flammable or combustible fluids in areas where fire hazards are involved or where the service temperature exceeds 425 °F. Higher temperature service must be approved by the Commandant.

(2) Brazed joints depending solely upon a fillet, rather than primarily upon brazing material between the pipe and socket are not acceptable.

§ 56.30-35 Gasketed mechanical couplings.

(a) This section applied to pipe fittings that form a seal by compressing a resilient gasket onto the pipe joint primarily by threaded fasteners and where joint creep is only restricted by such means as machined grooves, centering pins, or welded clips. Fittings to which this section applies must be designed, constructed, tested, and marked in accordance with ASTM F1476 and ASTM F1548 (both incorporated by reference, see § 56.01-2). Previously approved fittings may be retained to the satisfaction of the Officer in Charge, Marine Inspection.

(b) Gasketed mechanical couplings may be used within the service limitations of pressure, temperature and vibration recommended by the manufacturer, except that gasketed mechanical couplings must not be used in—

(1) Any location where leakage, undetected flooding, or impingement of liquid on vital equipment may occur; or

(2) In tanks where the liquid conveyed in the piping system is not chemically compatible with the liquid in the tank.

(c) Gasketed mechanical couplings must not be used as expansion joints. Positive restraints must be included, where necessary, to prevent the coupling from creeping on the pipe and uncovering the joint. Bite-type devices are generally not accepted for this purpose. Machined grooves, centering pins, and welded clips are considered positive means of protection against creep.

§ 56.30-40 Flexible pipe couplings of the compression or slip-on type.

(a) Flexible pipe couplings of the compression or slip-on type must not be used as expansion joints. To ensure that the maximum axial displacement (approximately 3/8″ maximum) of each coupling is not exceeded, positive restraints must be included in each installation.

(b) Positive means must also be provided to prevent the coupling from “creeping” on the pipe and uncovering the joint. Bite type devices are not generally accepted for this purpose. Machined grooves or centering pins are considered positive means.

(c) The installation must be such as to preclude appreciable difference in the vibration magnitudes of the pipes joined by the couplings. The couplings must not be used as a vibration damper. The vibration magnitude and frequency should not exceed that recommended by the coupling manufacturer.

(d) Flexible couplings made in accordance with the applicable standards listed in table 2 to § 56.60-1 and of materials complying with subpart 56.60 may be used within the material, size, pressure, and temperature limitations of those standards and within any further limitations specified in this subchapter. Flexible couplings fabricated by welding must also comply with part 57 of this subchapter.

(e) Flexible couplings must not be used in cargo holds or in any other space where leakage, undetected flooding, or impingement of liquid on vital equipment may occur, or in tanks where the liquid conveyed in the piping system is not compatible with the liquid in the tank.

(f) Damaged or deteriorated gaskets must not be reinstalled.

(g) Each coupling must be tested in accordance with § 56.97-5.

§ 56.35-1 Pipe stress calculations (replaces 119.7).

(a) A summary of the results of pipe stress calculations for the main and auxiliary steam piping where the design temperatures exceed 800 °F must be submitted for approval. Calculations must be made in accordance with a method of stress analysis acceptable to the Marine Safety Center to determine the forces at all terminal connections, anchor, and junction points, as well as the resultant bending stress, longitudinal pressure stress, torsional stress, and combined expansion stress at all such points. The location of the maximum combined stress must be indicated in each run of pipe between anchor points.

(b) The Marine Safety Center (MSC) will give special consideration to the use of the full tabulated value of “S” in computing S h and S c where all material used in the system is subjected to further nondestructive testing specified by the MSC, and where the calculations prescribed in 119.6.4 and 102.3.2 of ASME B31.1 (incorporated by reference; see § 56.01-2) and § 56.07-10 are performed. The procedures for nondestructive testing and the method of stress analysis must be approved by the MSC before the submission of computations and drawings for approval.

§ 56.35-10 Nonmetallic expansion joints (replaces 119.5.1).

(a) Nonmetallic expansion joints must conform to the standards listed in table 2 to § 56.60-1. Nonmetallic expansion joints may be used within their specified pressure and temperature rating in vital and nonvital machinery sea connections inboard of the skin valve. These joints must not be used to correct for improper workmanship or misalignment. Joint movements must not exceed the limits set by the joint manufacturer.

(b) [Reserved]

§ 56.35-15 Metallic expansion joints (replaces 119.5.1).

Metallic expansion joints must conform to the standards listed in table 2 to § 56.60-1 and may be used within their specified pressure and temperature rating.

§ 56.50-1 General (replaces 122).

The requirements in this subpart for piping systems apply instead of those in Section 122 of ASME B31.1 (incorporated by reference; see § 56.01-2). The following installation requirements are applicable to all systems:

(a) Where pipes and scuppers are carried through watertight or oiltight bulkheads, decks, or tank tops, or are carried through fire control bulkheads and decks, the integrity of the structure must be maintained. Lead or other heat sensitive materials must not be used in piping systems in bulkhead or deck penetrations where fire would impair the integrity of the penetration. (For nonmetallic or plastic pipe installations, see § 56.60-25(a).) Openings in structure through which pipes pass must be reinforced where necessary. Metallic materials having a melting point of 1,700 °F or less are considered heat sensitive and if used must be suitably insulated.

(b)(1) Pipes piercing the collision bulkhead must be fitted with valves operable from above the bulkhead deck and the valve must be fitted inside the forepeak tank adjacent to the collision bulkhead. The pipe penetrating the collision bulkhead must be welded to the bulkhead on both sides. The valve body must be of steel or ductile cast iron.

(2) Passenger vessels must not have the collision bulkhead pierced below the margin line by more than one pipe conveying liquids in the forepeak tank.

(c) Valves and cocks not forming part of a piping system are not permitted in watertight subdivision bulkheads. However, sluice valves or gates in oiltight bulkheads of tank vessels may be used if approved by the Marine Safety Center.

(d) Piping must generally not be run over switchboards, and must be installed as far away from other electrical equipment as practicable. When such leads are necessary, provision must be made to prevent leakage from damaging the equipment.

(e) Stuffing boxes must not be used on deep tank bulkheads, double bottoms or in any position where they cannot be easily examined. This requirement does not apply to ore carriers operating on the Great Lakes or cargo lines of oil tankers.

(f) Piping systems must be installed so that under no condition will the operation of safety or relief valves be impaired.

(g)(1) Power actuated valves may be used if approved for the system by the Marine Safety Center. All power-actuated valves must have a backup manual means of operation.

(2)(i) Remote valve controls must be fitted with nameplates describing the applicable system.

(ii) Remote valve controls must be accessible under normal service conditions.

(iii) Remote valve controls, except reach rods, must be fitted with indicators that show whether the valves they control are open or closed. Valve position indicating systems must be independent of valve control systems.

(iv) Valve reach rods must be adequately protected.

(v) Solid reach rods must be used in tanks containing liquids, except that reach rods of constructed of extra-heavy pipe may be considered acceptable by the OCMI.

(3) Air-operated remote-control valves must be provided with self-indicating lines at the control boards that indicate the desired valve positions, such as open or closed.

(h) Suitable drains must be provided at low points of piping systems.

(i) Valves and cocks must be easily accessible. Valves attached to the shell of the vessel or to sea chests located below deck plating must be operable from above the deckplates.

(j) When welded fabrication is employed, a sufficient number of detachable joints must be provided to facilitate maintenance of machinery.

(k) Piping systems used where the fluid temperature exceeds 150 °F must be suitably insulated as necessary to preclude injury to personnel.

(l) Where pipes are run through dry cargo spaces they must be protected from mechanical injury by a suitable enclosure or other means.

§ 56.50-10 Special gauge requirements.

(a) Where pressure-reducing valves are employed, a pressure gauge must be provided on the low-pressure side of the reducing station.

(b) Fuel oil service and transfer, fire, cargo, and boiler feed pumps must be provided with a discharge pressure gage. Additional information pertaining to fire pumps is in § 34.10-5 of subchapter D, § 76.10-5 of subchapter H, § 95.10-5 of subchapter I, and § 108.417 of subchapter IA, all of this chapter.

§ 56.50-15 Steam and exhaust piping.

(a) The design pressures of the steam piping connected to the boiler drum or to the superheater inlet header must not be less than the lowest pressure setting of any drum safety valve. The value of allowable stress for the material must not exceed that corresponding to the saturated steam temperature at drum pressure and must be selected as described in § 56.07-10(e).

(b) Main superheater outlet piping systems, desuperheater piping systems, and other auxiliary superheated piping systems led directly from the boiler superheater must be designed for a pressure not less than the pressure at which the superheater safety valve is set. In the case of a superheated safety valve that is drum pilot actuated, the design pressure of such piping systems must not be less than the pressure setting of the actuator valve on the drum. Valves and fittings must be selected for the above systems from the accepted standards in table 1 to 56.60-1, using the pressure-temperature rating in the standard.

(c) Steam stop valves in sizes exceeding 6 inches must be fitted with bypasses.

(d) In multiple boiler installations each boiler's main, auxiliary and desuperheater steam lines must be fitted with two valves, one a stop valve and one a stop check valve.

(e) Main and auxiliary steam stop valves must be readily accessible, operable by one person and arranged to seat against boiler pressure.

(f) The auxiliary steam piping of each vessel equipped with more than one boiler must be so arranged that steam for the whistle and vital auxiliary systems may be supplied from any power boiler.

(g) Steam and engine exhaust pipes must not be led through coal bunkers or dry cargo spaces.

(h)(1) Steam piping, with the exception of the steam heating system, must not be led through passageways, accommodation spaces, or public spaces unless the arrangement is specifically approved by the Marine Safety Center.

(2) The pressure in steam heating systems must not exceed 150 psig, and the steam pressure for accommodation and public space heating must not exceed 45 psig.

(3) Steam lines must be suitably located and shielded to minimize hazards to any personnel within the space.

(4) High temperature hot water for heating systems may not exceed 375 °F.

(i) Where the exhaust side of machinery is not designed for the full inlet pressure, the exhaust side must be protected from over pressure by one of the following means:

(1) A relief valve in the exhaust side with appropriate set pressure and sufficient capacity to prevent the exhaust side from overpressure.

(2) A sentinel valve or other warning device fitted on the exhaust side, together with a trip device, which will close the inlet valve.

(j) Shore steam connections must be fitted with a relief valve set at a pressure not exceeding the design pressure of the piping.

(k) Means must be provided for draining every steam pipe in which water hammer might occur.

§ 56.50-20 Pressure relief piping.

(a) General. There must be no intervening stop valves between the pressure vessel or piping system being protected and its protective device or devices, except as authorized by the Marine Safety Center.

(b) Discharge lines. (Reproduces 122.6.2(d).) Discharge lines from pressure-relieving safety devices must be designed to facilitate drainage.

(c) Stop valves. Stop valves between the safety or relief valve and the point of discharge are not permitted, except as specifically approved by the Marine Safety Center.

(d) Reference. See also § 56.07-10(a) and (b) for specific requirements.

§ 56.50-25 Safety and relief valve escape piping.

(a) Escape piping from safety valves must have an area of not less than that of the combined areas of the outlets of all valves discharging thereto and must be led as near vertically as practicable to the atmosphere.

(b) Expansion joints or flexible pipe connections must be fitted in escape piping. The piping must be adequately supported so that no stress is transmitted to the safety valve body.

(c) Safety or relief valve discharges, when permitted to terminate in the machinery space, must be led below the floorplates or to a remote position.

(d) The back pressure effect of the escape piping on the operation of the relief device must be considered.

§ 56.50-30 Boiler feed piping.

(a) General requirements. (1) Steam vessels, and motor vessels fitted with steam driven electrical generators must have at least two separate means of supplying feed water for the boilers. All feed pumps must be fitted with the necessary connections for this purpose. The arrangement of feed pumps must be in accordance with paragraph (d) or (e) of this section.

(2) Feed pump supply to power boilers may utilize the group feed system or the unit feed system.

(3) Feed discharge piping from the pump up to, but not including the required stop and stop-check valves, must be designed for either the feed pump relief valve setting or the shutoff head of the pump if a relief valve is not fitted. (Refer to § 56.07-10(b) for specific requirements.) Feed piping from the boiler, to and including the required stop and stop-check valves (see paragraph (b) of this section), must have a design pressure which exceeds the maximum allowable working pressure of the boiler by either 25 percent or 225 psig, whichever is less. The value of allowable stress for design purposes must be selected as described in § 56.07-10(e) at a temperature not below that for saturated steam at the maximum allowable working pressure of the boiler.

(4) Feed pumps for water tube boilers must have freshwater connections only.

(b) Feed valves. (1) Stop and stop-check valves must be fitted in the main feed line and must be attached as closely as possible to drum inlets or to the economizer inlet.

(2) Auxiliary feed lines must be fitted with stop valves and stop-check valves.

(3) Boilers fitted with economizers must have a check valve fitted in the economizer discharge and located as close as possible to the drum feed inlet nozzle.

(c) Feed water regulators and heaters. (1) Where feed water regulators or feed water heaters are installed, an alternate means of operation with these devices bypassed must be provided.

(2) All feed water regulators installed in a unit feed system must be fitted with an external bypass.

(3) A feed water regulator may be interposed between the stop and stop-check valves in the feed lines.

(d) Group feed system. Group feed systems must be provided with pumps and piping as follows:

(1) Vessels having a feed pump attached to the main propulsion unit must be provided with at least one independently driven feed pump. Each of these pumps must be used exclusively for feed purposes and must be capable of supplying the operating boilers at their normal capacity. In addition, a second independently driven pump, capable of supplying such boilers at 75 percent of their normal capacity, must be provided.

(2) If two independently driven pumps are provided, each capable of supplying the boilers at their normal required operating capacity, and neither pump is used for other purposes, the third or emergency feed pump is not required.

(3) River or harbor steam vessels must have at least two means for feeding the boilers; one of which must be an independently driven pump, the other may be an attached pump, an additional independently driven pump, or an injector.

(e) Unit feed system. Unit feed systems must be provided with pumps and piping as follows:

(1) The unit feed system may be used on vessels having two or more boilers. When the unit feed system is employed, each boiler must have its own independently driven main feed pump capable of supplying the boiler at its normal operating capacity. In addition, there must be an auxiliary independent feed pump of the same capacity that can be operated in place of and in conjunction with the main feed pump. In vessels with three or more boilers, not more than two boilers may be served by any one auxiliary pump. The auxiliary pump may be so interconnected that any pump can feed any boiler.

(2) In the unit feed system, a separate feed line must be provided for each boiler from its pumps. A separate auxiliary feed line is not required. The discharge from each pump and the feed supply to each boiler must be automatically controlled by the level of the water in that boiler. In addition to the automatic control, manual control must be provided.

(f) Feedwater. The feedwater must be introduced into a boiler as required by § 52.01-105(d) of this subchapter.

§ 56.50-35 Condensate pumps.

Two means must be provided for discharging the condensate from the main condenser, one of which must be independent of the main propelling machinery.

§ 56.50-40 Blowoff piping (replaces 122.1.4).

(a)(1) The owner or operator of a vessel must follow the requirements for blowoff piping in this section instead of the requirements in 122.1.4 of ASME B31.1 (incorporated by reference; see § 56.01-2).

(2) Where blowoff valves are connected to a common discharge from two or more boilers, a nonreturn valve must be provided in the line from each boiler to prevent accidental blowback in the event the boiler blowoff valve is left open.

(b) Blowoff must be designed for not less than 125 percent of the maximum allowable working pressure of the boiler, or the maximum allowable working pressure of the boiler plus 225 psig, whichever is less. The value of allowable stress for design purposes must be selected as described in § 56.07-10(e) at a temperature not below that of saturated steam at the maximum allowable working pressure of the boiler.

(c) Boiler blowoff piping which discharges above the lightest loadline of a vessel must be arranged so that the discharge is deflected downward.

(d) Globe valves must not be used for blowoff service.

§ 56.50-45 Circulating pumps.

(a) A main circulating pump and emergency means for circulating water through the main condenser must be provided. The emergency means may consist of a connection from an independent power pump fitted between the main circulating pump and the condenser.

(b) Independent sea suctions must be provided for the main circulating and the emergency circulating pumps.

(c) A cross connection between the circulating pumps in the case of multiple units will be acceptable in lieu of an independent power pump connection.

§ 56.50-50 Bilge and ballast piping.

(a)(1) The requirements of SOLAS Chapter II-1 regulation 35-1 (incorporated by reference, see § 56.01-2) for passenger and cargo ships are considered equivalent to this section.

(2) All vessels except unmanned barges must be provided with a satisfactory bilge pumping plant capable of pumping from and draining any watertight compartment except for ballast, oil, and water tanks. The bilge pumping system must be capable of operation under all practicable conditions after a casualty whether the ship is upright or listed.

(3) Arrangements must be made whereby water in the compartments will drain to the suction pipes. Where piping is led through the forepeak, see § 56.50-1(b).

(4) Where the vessel is to carry flammable liquids with a flashpoint below 23 °C (74 °F) in enclosed cargo spaces, the bilge-pumping system must be designed to ensure against inadvertent pumping of such liquids through machinery spaces.

(5) For vessels constructed on or after June 9, 1995, and on an international voyage, arrangements must meet the requirements of SOLAS Chapter II-1 regulation 35-1 to drain the enclosed cargo spaces on either the bulkhead deck of a passenger vessel or the freeboard deck of a cargo vessel.

(b) Passenger vessels must have provision made to prevent the compartment served by any bilge suction piping from being flooded in the event the pipe is severed or otherwise damaged by collision or grounding in any other compartment. Where the piping is located within one-fifth of the beam of the side of the vessel or is in a duct keel, a nonreturn valve must be fitted to the end of the pipe in the compartment, which it serves.

(c)(1) Each bilge suction must lead from a manifold unless otherwise approved by the Marine Safety Center. As far as practicable, each manifold must be in, or capable of remote operation from, the same space as the bilge pump. In either case, the manifold must be capable of being locally controlled from the floorplates. As far as practicable, each overboard-discharge valve for a bilge system must comply with the requirements governing location and accessibility for suction manifolds. Except as otherwise permitted by paragraph (c)(3) of this section for a vessel employing a common-rail bilge system, each bilge-manifold valve controlling a bilge suction from any compartment must be of the stop-check type.

(2) Each passenger vessel on an international voyage must comply with the provisions of SOLAS Chapter II-1, Regulation 35-1.

(3) A common-rail bilge system may be installed as an acceptable alternative to the system required by paragraph (c)(1) of this section, provided it satisfies all of the following criteria:

(i) The common-rail main runs inboard at least one-fifth of the beam of the vessel.

(ii) A stop-check valve or both a stop valve and a check valve are provided in each branch line and located inboard at least one-fifth of the beam of the vessel.

(iii) The stop valve or the stop-check valve is power-driven, is capable of remote operation from the space where the pump is, and is capable of manual operation.

(iv) The stop valve or the stop-check valve is accessible under all operating conditions, and the space used for access contains no expansion joint or flexible coupling that, upon failure, would cause flooding and prevent access to the valve.

(v) A port and a starboard suction serve each space protected unless, under the worst conditions of list and trim and with liquid remaining after pumping, the vessel's stability remains acceptable, in accordance with subchapter S of this chapter.

(vi) For each vessel designed for the carriage of combinations of both liquid and dry bulk cargoes, no bilge pump or piping is located in a machinery space other than in a pump room for cargo, and no liquid and other cargoes are carried simultaneously.

(vii) For each cargo vessel in Great Lakes service, each common-rail piping for the bilge and ballast system serving cargo spaces, if installed and if connected to a dedicated common-rail bilge system, must lead separately from a valved manifold located at the pump.

(d) The internal diameter of bilge suction pipes including strainers must be determined by formulas 1 and 2 to § 56.50-50(d) introductory text, except that the nearest commercial size not more than one-fourth inch under the required diameter may be used.

Formula 1 to § 56.50-50(d) Introductory Text

Formula 2 to § 56.50-50(d) Introductory Text

(1) For suctions to each main bilge pump, use formula 1 to § 56.50-50(d) introductory text. For branch suctions to cargo and machinery spaces, use formula 2 to 56.50-50(d) introductory text.

(2) The following “where” clause applies to formulas 1 and 2 to § 56.50-50(d) introductory text:

where:

L = Length of vessel on loadwater line, in feet.

B = Breadth of vessel, in feet. (5)

D = Molded depth (in feet) to the bulkhead deck. (6)

c = Length of compartment, in feet.

d = Required internal diameter of suction pipe, in inches.

Note 1 to paragraph ( d )(2):

For tank vessels, “L” may be reduced by the combined length of the cargo oil tanks.

Note 2 to paragraph ( d )(2):

For bulk carriers with full depth wing tanks served by a ballast system where the beam of the vessel is not representative of the breadth of the compartment, “B” may be appropriately modified to the breadth of the compartment.

Note 3 to paragraph ( d )(2):

In the calculation for a vessel with more than one hull, such as a catamaran, the breadth of the unit is the breadth of one hull.

Note 4 to paragraph ( d )(2):

In the calculation for a mobile offshore drilling unit, “L” is reducible by the combined length of spaces that can be pumped by another piping system meeting this section and § 56.50-55, where “L” is the length of the unit at the waterline.

Note 5 to paragraph ( d )(2):

For mobile offshore drilling units employing unusual hull forms, “B” may be modified to the average breadth rather than the maximum breadth.

Note 6 to paragraph ( d )(2):

For each passenger vessel constructed on or after June 9, 1995, and being on an international voyage, D must be measured to the next deck above the bulkhead deck if an enclosed cargo space on the bulkhead deck that is internally drained in accordance with paragraph (a)(4) of this section extends the entire length of the vessel. Where the enclosed cargo space extends a lesser length, D must be taken as the sum of the molded depth (in feet) to the bulkhead deck plus lh/L where l and h are the aggregate length and height (in feet) of the enclosed cargo space.

(3) For vessels of 150 gross tons and over, no main suction piping must be less than 2.5 inches internal diameter. Branch piping need not be more than 4 inches and must not be less than 2 inches in diameter except for drainage of small pockets or spaces in which case 1.5-inch diameter may be used. For vessels less than 150 gross tons no bilge suction must be less than 1.5 inches internal diameter and branch piping must not be less than 1-inch nominal pipe size.

(4) For vessels of 65 feet in length or less and not engaged on an international voyage, the bilge pipe sizes computed by formulas 1 and 2 to § 56.50-50(d) introductory text are not mandatory, but in no case must the size be less than 1-inch nominal pipe size.

(5) The number, location, and size of bilge suctions in the boiler and machinery compartments must be determined when the piping plans are submitted for approval and must be based upon the size of the compartments and the drainage arrangements.

(e) Independent bilge suction. One of the independent bilge pumps must have a suction of a diameter not less than that given by formula 2 to § 56.50-50(d) introductory text that is led directly from the engine room bilge entirely independent of the bilge main, and on passenger vessels each independent bilge pump located in the machinery spaces must have such direct suctions from these spaces, except that not more than two pumps are required to have direct suctions from any one space. A suction that is led directly from a suitably located pump manifold may be considered to be independent of the bilge main. Where two direct suctions are required in any one compartment on passenger vessels, one suction must be located on each side of the compartment. If watertight bulkheads separate the engine and boiler rooms, a direct suction or suctions must be fitted to each compartment unless the pumps available for bilge service are distributed throughout these compartments, in which case at least one pump in each such compartment must be fitted with direct suction in its compartment. In a vessel with more than one hull, there must be one bilge pump that has an independent bilge suction in each hull. In a column stabilized mobile offshore drilling unit, the independent bilge suction must be from the pumproom bilge.

(f) Emergency bilge suctions. In addition to the independent bilge suction(s) required by paragraph (e) of this section, an emergency bilge suction must be provided in the machinery space for all self-propelled vessels as described in the following subparagraphs. Emergency suctions must be provided from pumps other than those required by § 56.50-55(a). Such suctions must have nonreturn valves, and must meet the following criteria as appropriate:

(1) On passenger vessels propelled by steam and operating on an international voyage or on ocean, coastwise, or Great Lakes routes, the main circulating pump is to be fitted with a direct bilge suction for the machinery space. The diameter of such suctions must not be less than two-thirds the diameter of the main sea injection. Other independent power pumps in the machinery space may be approved by the Commandant if the main circulating pump is not suitable.

(2) On passenger vessels propelled by internal combustion engines and operating on an international voyage or on ocean, coastwise, or Great Lakes routes, the largest available pump in the engine room is to be fitted with the direct bilge suction in the machinery space. The area of the suction pipe is to be equal to the full suction inlet of the pump.

(3) Vessels over 180 feet in length which are not passenger vessels, and which operate on international voyages or in ocean, coastwise, or Great Lakes service, must be provided with a direct emergency bilge suction from any pump in the machinery space, except that a required bilge pump may not be used. The discharge capacity of the pump selected must exceed the capacity of the required main bilge pump and the area of the suction inlet is to be equal to the full suction inlet of the pump.

(4) Vessels under 180 feet in length need not provide an emergency bilge suction, except that passenger vessels must comply with the requirements of paragraphs (f)(1) and (2) of this section.

(5) Each vessel with more than one hull must have an emergency bilge suction in each hull.

(6) Each column stabilized mobile offshore drilling unit must have—

(i) An emergency bilge suction in each hull; and

(ii) A remote control for the emergency pump and associated valves that can be operated from the ballast control room.

(g) Each individual bilge suction must be fitted with a suitable strainer having an open area of not less than three times that of the suction pipe. In addition, a mud box or basket strainer must be fitted in an accessible position between the bilge suction manifold and the pump.

(h) Pipes for draining cargo holds or machinery spaces must be separate from pipes which are used for filling or emptying tanks where water or oil is carried. Bilge and ballast piping systems must be so arranged as to prevent oil or water from the sea or ballast spaces from passing into cargo holds or machinery spaces, or from passing from one compartment to another, whether from the sea, water ballast, or oil tanks, by the appropriate installation of stop and non-return valves. The bilge and ballast mains must be fitted with separate control valves at the pumps. Piping for bilge and ballast must be arranged so as to prevent, by the appropriate installation of stop and non-return valves, oil or water from the sea or ballast spaces from passing into a cargo hold or machinery space, or from passing from one compartment to another, regardless of the source. The bilge and ballast mains must be fitted with separate control valves at the pumps.

(i) Ballast piping must not be installed to any hull compartment of a wood vessel. Where the carriage of liquid ballast in such vessels is necessary, suitable ballast tanks, structurally independent of the hull, must be provided.

(j) When dry cargo is to be carried in deep tanks, arrangement must be made for blanking-off the oil and ballast lines. The bilge suctions must be blanked-off when oil or ballast is carried.

(k) Where bilge and ballast piping are led through tanks, except ballast piping in ballast tanks, means must be provided to minimize the risk of flooding of other spaces due to pipe failure. In this regard, such piping may be in a watertight pipe tunnel, or the piping may be of Schedule 80 pipe wall thickness, fitted with expansion bends, with all joints welded. Alternative designs may be approved by the Marine Safety Center. Where a pipe tunnel is installed, the watertight integrity of the bulkheads must be maintained. No valve or fitting may be located within the tunnel if the pipe tunnel is not of sufficient size to afford access.

(l) When bilge pumps are utilized for other services, the piping must be so arranged that under any condition at least one pump will be available for drainage of the vessel through an overboard discharge, while the other pump(s) are being used for a different service.

(m) All bilge pipes used in or under fuel storage tanks or in the boiler or machinery space, including spaces in which oil settling tanks or oil pumping units are located, must be of steel or other acceptable material.

(n) Oil pollution prevention requirements for bilge and ballast systems are contained in 33 CFR part 155, subpart B.

Note 7 to § 56.50-50:

For the purposes of this section, a pumproom is a machinery space on a column stabilized mobile offshore drilling unit.