化學工程 98 年法學知識與英文考古題

憲法第2 條規定：「中華民國之主權屬於國民全體」，即是宣示我國採行下列那一項原則？ (A)平等原則 (B)國民主權原則 (C)比例原則 (D)法律保留原則

下列何人之資格，須經考試院依法考選銓定之？ (A)國民小學老師 (B)律師 (C)考試院秘書長 (D)國立大學教授

人民因犯罪嫌疑被逮捕時，得對下列何者聲請，向逮捕之機關要求提審？ (A)該管檢察署 (B)該管法院 (C)大法官 (D)監察院

依憲法增修條文之規定，憲法法庭應如何組成？ (A)由司法院大法官組成 (B)由司法院院長、最高法院院長、最高行政法院院長組成 (C)由司法院大法官、各級法院法官選出之法官代表組成 (D)由總統選出之學者專家、司法院大法官、各級法院法官選出之法官代表組成

依司法院釋字第603 號解釋，下列有關隱私權之敘述，何者為錯誤？ (A)基於個人主體性之維護，隱私權乃為不可或缺之基本權利 (B)個人自主控制個人資料之情形屬所謂資訊隱私權 (C)隱私權屬憲法上明文列舉權利 (D)憲法對資訊隱私權之保障，並非絕對

下列何者與法律相同，須經立法院三讀通過？ (A)預算 (B)法規命令 (C)行政規則 (D)自治條例

「宗教自由」之內涵不包含下列何事項？ (A)宗教儀式自由 (B)傳教自由 (C)宗教醫療行為之自由 (D)不參加任何宗教之自由

依大法官第585 號解釋，立法院行使調查權，要求與調查事項相關人民陳述證言時，應經何者之同意？ (A)調查委員會 (B)司法及法制委員會 (C)立法院院會 (D)立法院院長

下述情形，何者係結社自由權之行使？ (A)共同組成公司 (B)舉辦室內音樂會 (C)多人在公眾場所靜坐 (D)在市街、道路集體行進

下列何者屬於行政院職權範圍內之事項？ (A)緊急命令之發布 (B)審計權之行使 (C)公務人員考績之法制事項 (D)決算之提出

下列各項何者不是請願行使的對象？ (A)考試機關 (B)行政機關 (C)立法機關 (D)地方法院

下列何者不得提起總統、副總統當選無效之訴？ (A)選舉人 (B)檢察官 (C)候選人 (D)選舉機關

擔任醫師須先考試取得醫師執照，係對人民何種基本權利之限制？ (A)生存權 (B)工作權 (C)財產權 (D)人格權

依憲法增修條文之規定，罷免總統、副總統之程序為何？ (A)由選舉人連署提出罷免案，交立法院複決之 (B)由選舉人連署提出罷免案，交選舉人投票決定之 (C)由立法院提出罷免案，交國民大會複決之 (D)由立法院提出罷免案，交選舉人投票決定之

依憲法增修條文規定，下列有關「提出領土變更案」的敘述，何者正確？ (A)須經全體立法委員四分之一的提議，全體立法委員三分之二的出席，出席委員四分之三的決議後方可提出 (B)須經全體立法委員四分之一的提議，全體立法委員四分之三的出席，出席委員四分之三的決議後方可提出 (C)須經全體立法委員五分之一的提議，全體立法委員三分之二的出席，出席委員四分之三的決議後方可提出 (D)須經全體立法委員五分之一的提議，全體立法委員四分之三的出席，出席委員四分之三的決議後方可提出

我國國家賠償訴訟，依國家賠償法之規定，在原則上係採取何種程序先行主義？ (A)訴願程序 (B)調解程序 (C)申訴程序 (D)協議程序

依憲法增修條文規定，考試院委員人數為： (A)九人 (B)十五人 (C)十九人 (D)未規定

依公民投票法第3 條之規定，全國性公民投票之主管機關為： (A)總統府 (B)行政院 (C)立法院 (D)全國性公民投票審議委員會

立法院立法委員提出之憲法修正案，須經下列那一種程序？ (A)憲法法庭複決 (B)立法院全體立法委員通過 (C)我國自由地區選舉人投票複決 (D)提交總統複決

所得稅法規定納稅義務人已繳納其應納稅款之情形下，仍依應納稅額固定之比例加徵滯報金，又無最高額之限制，顯已逾越下列何種原則？ (A)平等原則 (B)比例原則 (C)誠信原則 (D)法律保留原則

依憲法增修條文之規定，有關罷免與彈劾總統之程序，下列何者正確？ (A)兩者均由立法委員提議 (B)均須經司法院大法官審理 (C)最後均須人民複決通過 (D)罷免總統與彈劾總統之程序完全相同

依大法官解釋，菸害防制法規定，菸品所含之尼古丁及焦油含量，應以中文標示於菸品容器上，係限制何種憲法上之基本權利？ (A)表意自由 (B)遷徙自由 (C)訴訟權 (D)參政權

憲法本文與增修條文關於副署的規定不盡相同，下列何者屬於增修條文之特別規定？ (A)總統宣布戒嚴，無須行政院院長之副署 (B)總統發布緊急命令，無須任何人之副署 (C)總統發布解散立法院之命令，無須行政院院長之副署 (D)總統發布總統府秘書長之任免命令，無須行政院院長之副署

依地方制度法第82 條規定，下列地方首長因辭職、去職、死亡者之代理規定何者錯誤？ (A)直轄市長由行政院派員代理 (B)縣（市）長由內政部派員代理 (C)鄉（鎮、市）長由縣政府派員代理 (D)村（里）長由鄉（鎮、市、區）公所派員代理

依憲法增修條文之規定，總統、副總統之彈劾案最後須由何機關審理？ (A)憲法法庭 (B)考試院 (C)立法院 (D)監察院

若台北市議會將針對市議員使用議會公物予以規範，應制定何種自治法規？ (A)自治條例 (B)自治規則 (C)自律規則 (D)委辦規則

下列何者不是我國司法院大法官的權限？ (A)宣告政黨違憲與解散政黨 (B)抽象法規審查權 (C)解釋憲法 (D)行政處分有無違背法律

在我國現行地方制度中，下列那一種地方組織，其廢止，毋庸經過修憲程序，即得為之？ (A)直轄市 (B)鄉（鎮、市） (C)省 (D)縣（市）

憲法本文及憲法增修條文所採有關國民經濟之基本國策，下列敘述何者錯誤？ (A)應以民生主義為基本原則 (B)公用事業及其他有獨占性之企業，以公營為原則 (C)環境及生態保護，應優先於經濟及科學技術發展 (D)公營金融機構應以企業化經營為原則

依我國憲法增修條文第4 條規定，中華民國領土，依其固有疆域，若欲提出領土變更案，至少須經立法委員多少比例之提議、出席及決議，始得提出？ (A)全體立法委員四分之一之提議，全體立法委員四分之三之出席，及出席委員四分之三之決議之 (B)全體立法委員三分之一之提議，全體立法委員四分之三之出席，及出席委員四分之三之決議之 (C)全體立法委員二分之一之提議，全體立法委員四分之三之出席，及出席委員四分之三之決議之 (D)全體立法委員四分之一之提議，全體立法委員三分之二之出席，及出席委員三分之二之決議之

因權利人單方的意思表示，能直接創設、改變或消滅某種法律關係的權利，稱之為： (A)請求權 (B)支配權 (C)形成權 (D)抗辯權

行政行為採取之方法所造成之損害不得與欲達成目的之利益顯失均衡，此乃下列那一項原則？ (A)平等原則 (B)比例原則 (C)合目的性 (D)誠信原則

下列何者為法律？ (A)立法院處務規程 (B)農田水利會組織通則 (C)所得稅法施行細則 (D)機密檔案管理辦法

甲擅自將乙寄放之自行車以自己的名義出售給丙，並交付之，請問對甲丙之間的法律行為，下列敘述何者正確？ (A)甲丙間之債權行為及物權行為均無效 (B)甲丙間之債權行為有效，物權行為效力未定 (C)甲丙間之債權行為有效，物權行為無效 (D)甲丙間之債權行為及物權行為均效力未定

有關法規生效日之規定，下列何者錯誤？ (A)法規明定自發布日施行者，自發布當日生效 (B)法規明定自公布日施行者，自公布之日起算至第三日起生效 (C)法規規定有施行日期者，自該特定日生效 (D)以命令特定施行日期者，自該特定日生效

甲女為A 公司之女性業務員，因工作常需與客戶乙男接觸，乙男對甲女總是趁機會毛手毛腳，甲女不堪其擾，向A 公司投訴，A 公司置之不理，依據性別工作平等法，A 公司應負何責任？ (A)A 公司對甲女之損害有民事賠償責任 (B)A 公司對於乙男之性騷擾行為不負有責任 (C)A 公司對甲女之精神上損害不負責任 (D)A 公司僅有行政上之責任，沒有民事賠償責任

下列何者非行政院會議之組織成員？ (A)交通部部長 (B)銓敘部部長 (C)政務委員 (D)行政院副院長

一般公司行號之受僱勞工，其勞工保險之普通事故保險費負擔比例，下列何者錯誤？ (A)被保險人須負擔百分之二十 (B)投保單位負擔百分之七十 (C)在省，由中央政府補助百分之二十 (D)在直轄市，由直轄市政府補助百分之五

下列那一個國家目前的法律體系性質不屬於歐陸法系？ (A)德國 (B)法國 (C)日本 (D)紐西蘭

企業經營者未經邀約而在消費者之住居所或其他場所從事銷售，所為之買賣，謂之： (A)郵購買賣 (B)訪問買賣 (C)分期付款 (D)現物要約

下列何種規定，應從嚴解釋，不可擴張解釋？ (A)原則規定 (B)例外規定 (C)概括條款 (D)例示規定

「甲希望射殺乙，但因技術不佳，射穿旁邊的名貴花瓶。」針對此一情況，以下的敘述何者正確？ (A)甲之行為成立殺人未遂與過失毀損，二罪併罰 (B)甲之行為僅成立殺人未遂 (C)甲的行為構成客體錯誤 (D)甲的行為涉及選擇故意

下列何者屬行政程序法第2 條第2 項所稱之行政機關？ (A)新竹市地價及標準地價評議委員會 (B)行政院公平交易委員會 (C)行政院衛生署醫事審議委員會 (D)內政部訴願審議委員會

下列何者非形成權？ (A)撤銷權 (B)選擇權 (C)解除權 (D)使用權

密封遺囑不具備其所定方式者，依法得轉換為下列何種遺囑？ (A)自書遺囑 (B)公證遺囑 (C)代筆遺囑 (D)口授遺囑

下列何者非絕對權？ (A)著作權 (B)債權 (C)抵押權 (D)漁業權

甲將A 車借乙使用後又將該車所有權移轉給乙，甲應如何交付A 車？ (A)現實交付 (B)簡易交付 (C)占有改定 (D)指示交付

行政程序法規定受益行政處分之撤銷，機關給予相對人損失補償，此乃下列那一項原則的實踐？ (A)必要性原則 (B)明確性原則 (C)信賴保護原則 (D)利益衡平原則

下列何者非我國刑法上之法定阻卻違法事由？ (A)義務衝突 (B)依法令之行為 (C)業務上之正當行為 (D)正當防衛

刑法第10 條第1 項規定：「稱以上、以下、以內者，俱連本數或本刑計算。」此一規定，在法律解釋方法上稱為： (A)文義解釋 (B)目的解釋 (C)立法解釋 (D)體系解釋

下列何者非罪刑法定原則之下位原則？ (A)禁止類推原則 (B)習慣法禁止原則 (C)回溯禁止原則 (D)無罪推定

依行政程序法第3 條第1 項之規定，下列何機關之行為不適用行政程序法之程序規定？ (A)監察院 (B)行政院 (C)國防部 (D)外交部

下列何者非股份有限公司股東可以出資之標的？ (A)現金 (B)勞務 (C)技術 (D)對公司之貨幣債權

關於我國智慧財產權法制之發展，下列敘述何者正確？ (A)若我國被美國列為特別301 觀察名單，我國應立即修改智慧財產權相關法律 (B)我國智慧財產權相關法律常因應國際條約或世界貿易組織之協定而修改或增訂相關規定 (C)我國智慧財產權相關法律屬固有法，不必隨著國際條約而修改或增訂相關規定 (D)我國智慧財產權相關法律自民國初年制定後已確立基本原則及規範，鮮少修改

下列何者非屬勞工保險條例第9 條所稱得繼續參加勞工保險之被保險人？ (A)應徵召服兵役者 (B)派遣出國考察者 (C)因案停職或被羈押，未經法院判決確定者 (D)因職業災害傷病請假致留職停薪，已超過二年者

須由立法院提案，並交付人民複決通過始得修訂的法規為： (A)國際條約 (B)自治條例 (C)法律 (D)憲法

美國獨立時制憲，將下列何者對於國家權力限制和制衡的理論納入憲法？ (A)洛克 (B)孟德斯鳩 (C)林肯 (D)馬丁路德

甲未得乙之同意，即將乙所有之汽車讓與知情之丙，則： (A)丙當然取得所有權 (B)須乙承認，丙始能取得所有權 (C)因丙知情，故不論乙是否承認，丙皆無法取得所有權 (D)因丙知情，故甲丙為通謀意思表示無效，丙無法取得所有權

丈夫對妻子惡言相向和拳打腳踢，下列何者不是其法律效果？ (A)刑事的傷害責任 (B)民事的損害賠償 (C)行政的罰鍰 (D)禁制令

總統依憲法規定，於民國97 年7 月1 日公布○○○○法，並宣示該法律自公布日起生效。請問該法律於何時對全體國民及各機關發生拘束力？ (A)97 年7 月1 日上午零時 (B)97 年7 月1 日下午五時 (C)97 年7 月3 日上午零時 (D)97 年7 月3 日下午五時第31 題至第34 題為題組When asked to name the most ferocious dinosaur, most people would immediately think of Tyrannosaurus rex,T-rex for short. The T-rex could reach a height of almost fifty feet in length and a weight of five tons. It is equippedwith eight-inch talons on its feet and a huge jaw lined with teeth as long and sharp as steak knives. 31Imagine the surprise, then, when scientists digging in eastern Utah in 1992 found a dinosaur that could wellhave been a match for T-rex fossilized in the rocky lands. 32 The Utahraptor was twenty feet long, smaller thanthe T-rex. However, it had twelve-inch hooked claws on each of its hind legs. While the T-rex had short, stubbyforelimbs, the Utahraptor had large, powerful arms equipped with ten-inch claws. With these, it could grasp itsprey. 33With such evenly matched assets, it is hard to imagine what would happen if the two dinosaurs met each other.However, a contest between the two powerful creatures never took place. 34 Even though scientists can onlyspeculate as to why that happened, it was fortunate for the other dinosaurs that such formidable predators did notexist at the same time.

Being surrounded by the strong force of the police, the gangsters couldn’t but . (A)defeat (B)regulate (C)surrender (D)tolerate

(A)With its sturdy back legs, the Utahraptor could probably outrun any other creature. (B)With such a dangerous build, the T-rex was thought to have been the most terrifying of all carnivorousdinosaurs. (C)This is because Utahraptors had been dead for fifty million years before the T-rex appeared. (D)Once a victim was caught, it would be slashed and smashed by the raptor’s claws on the hind feet.

The woman made a point of visiting people in the hospital who had no relatives to visit them. (A)benevolent (B)ruthless (C)ceremonial (D)supreme

(A)Once a victim was caught, it would be slashed and smashed by the raptor’s claws on the hind feet. (B)With its sturdy back legs, the Utahraptor could probably outrun any other creature. (C)This is because all of the Utahraptors had been dead for fifty million years before the T-rex appeared. (D)The name of this equally terrifying and ferocious dinosaur is Utahraptor.

The government brutally the students’ protest, which in turn stimulated violent backlash. (A)collided (B)rebelled (C)alienated (D)suppressed

(A)However, it would be premature to say for sure what it was that brought the dinosaurs to extinction. (B)With its sturdy back legs, the Utahraptor could probably outrun any other creature. (C)The name of this equally terrifying and ferocious dinosaur is Utahraptor. (D)Once a victim was caught, it would be slashed and smashed by the raptor’s claws on the hind feet.

The actress was considered a new star in the film industry. Her first performance caused quite a . (A)symptom (B)substance (C)sensation (D)shortage

(A)This is because all of the Utahraptors had been dead for fifty million years before the T-rex appeared. (B)With such a dangerous build, the T-rex was thought to have been the most terrifying of all carnivorousdinosaurs. (C)However, it would be premature to say for sure what it was that brought the dinosaurs to extinction. (D)With its sturdy back legs, the Utahraptor could probably outrun any other creature.

Although the leader sometimes tends to the situation, the team works well together. (A)dominate (B)combine (C)invest (D)accumulate

Apart from sheer size, India and China differ from neighboring “trading states” in another critical aspect: theirambition to be the regional superpower in South Asia and East Asia . (A)aggressively (B)individually (C)provincially (D)respectively

Fortunately, the patient’s condition remains after the operation. She will be recovering soon. (A)critical (B)vulnerable (C)radical (D)stable

You need to the document before signing it. (A)undermine (B)fabricate (C)peruse (D)execute

My bookshelves were destroyed in the flood. I need to find a to fix them. (A)burglar (B)carpenter (C)plumber (D)physician

J. K. Rowling, auther of the popular Harry Potter series, exhibits control over her stories. (A)intrusive (B)inaccessible (C)impeccable (D)intrinsic

Don’t ! Just tell me directly why you object to my plan! (A)add fuel to the flame (B)hit the jackpot (C)find a needle in a haystack (D)beat around the bush

In my family with Chinese tradition, only Daddy and the oldest brother were allowed individual . Daughterswere all expected to be of one standard. (A)contributions (B)controversies (C)idiosyncrasies (D)consistencies

Whenever he gives help to those who are in need, his heart will be with unspeakable joy. (A)mixed up (B)filled up (C)put off (D)turned off

A hairline at the forehead is a part of the male aging process. (A)conceding (B)interceding (C)proceeding (D)receding

The loud singing from next door really and I cannot concentrate on my reading. (A)gets on my nerves (B)sets me up (C)puts up with me (D)calms me down

In America, “wellness” has become a huge industry especially to the prosperous discontent of thebaby-boomers. (A)proposing (B)catering (C)deferring (D)referring

I lost my health did I know the importance of it. (A)In case (B)As soon as (C)It’s when (D)Not until請依下文回答第42-45 題Both men and women are living longer these days in industrialized countries. However, women, on the average,live longer. 42 , they can expect to live six or seven years more than men. The reasons for this are both biological andcultural.One important biological 43 that helps women live longer is the difference in hormones between men andwomen. Hormones are chemicals which are produced by the body to control various body functions. 44 the ages ofabout 12 and 50, women produce hormones that are involved in fertility. These hormones also have a 45 effect onthe heart and the blood flow. In fact, women are less likely to have high blood pressure or to die from heart attacks.

From a distance it is a postcard image; get closer to Mt. Fuji, however, you will notice that Japan’s iconic mountainhas a garbage problem, a stark contrast to a country known for its cleanliness. (A)Mt. Fuji maintains a beautiful postcard image and reinforces the clean image of Japan despite its garbageproblem. (B)Suffering from a garbage problem, Mt. Fuji is no longer an icon of Japan, a country as beautiful as a postcardimage. (C)Although Mt. Fuji is not as beautiful and clean as it appears from a distance, it still stands for the cleanliness ofJapan. (D)Though a symbol of the country known for its cleanliness, Mt. Fuji is actually not as clean as it appears from adistance.

(A)In general (B)By no means (C)In detail (D)As a result

It seems a very simple thing to tell the truth, but, beyond all questions, there is nothing half so easy as lying. (A)Though it may appear simple, telling the truth is not as difficult as telling lies. (B)Though it may appear simple, telling the truth is certainly far more difficult than telling lies. (C)Though it may appear difficult, telling the truth is definitely less questionable than telling lies. (D)Though it may appear easy, telling lies is believed by honest people to be the most difficult thing.

(A)factor (B)gene (C)process (D)example

Try to improve or optimize one of these global financial crisis parameters and you end up paying somewhere elsealong the line. (A)Improving one or two of the global financial crisis parameters is very likely to create more crisis parameters inthe end. (B)The global financial crisis parameters are so intertwined that you can gain some here and lose some there. (C)To improve the global financial crisis parameters, you need to take care of them all at the same time instead ofone at a time. (D)You need to pay close attention to the global financial crisis parameters before you can even improve oroptimize one of them.

(A)Among (B)Between (C)After (D)Before

It is ironic that the very institutions carrying out the research that informs the public of global climate change areoften not terribly good at acting on their own understanding. (A)The fact that research institutions, which provide us with information on global climate change, are not reallygood at applying their knowledge in actual practice is satirical. (B)Global climate change is terrible and it is ironic that much research has been done by research institutions but thepublic has found little use of the research result in their everyday life. (C)It is terrible to see that research institutions, which conduct research on and inform the public about globalclimate change, often fail to do what they preach. (D)That institutions carrying out the research which informs people about global climate change do not recyclenatural resources in the research processes is ironically expected.

(A)neutral (B)positive (C)vicious (D)limited請依下文回答第46-50 題There is a new kind of scam called “phishing,” which has plagued the Internet. Phishing sounds the same as theword “fishing,” and it implies a thief is trying to lure people into giving away valuable information. Like real fishermen,phishers use bait in the form of fake emails and false websites to con people into revealing credit card numbers, accountusernames, and passwords. They imitate well-known banks, online sellers, and credit card companies. Successfulphishers may convince as many as 5 percent of the people they contact to respond and give away their personal financialinformation. Because people who have access to the Internet (about 350 million) mostly live in wealthier countries, eventricking only 5 percent of them can make a lot of money.Since there is so much money to make through this kind of scam, it has caught the interest of more than justsmall-time crooks. Recently, police tracked down an organized phishing group in Eastern Europe who had stolen millionsof dollars from people online. Further investigation revealed that this group had connections with a major crime gang inRussia.How can innocent websurfers protect themselves? Above all, always be wary of any email with urgent requestsfor personal financial information. Also, messages from phishers will not address recipients by name because they reallydon’t know who the recipients are yet. On the other hand, valid messages from your bank or other companies younormally deal with typically include your personal name.

As luck would have it, there was typhoon on the day of graduation. (A)Fortunately, there was typhoon on the day of graduation. (B)Unfortunately, there was typhoon on the day of graduation. (C)I had good luck on the day of graduation. (D)I had bad luck on the day of graduation.第46 題至第50 題為題組Although the epoch of the crusades ignited a genuine economic and cultural revolution in western Europe, inthe Orient these holy wars led to long centuries of decadence and obscurantism. Assaulted from all quarters, theMuslim world turned in on itself. Henceforth modernism became alien. Should cultural and religious identity beaffirmed by rejecting this modernism, which the West symbolized? Or, on the contrary, should the road ofmodernization be embarked upon with resolution, thus risking loss of identity? Neither Iran, nor Turkey, nor theArab world has ever succeeded in resolving this dilemma. Even today we can observe a lurching alternationbetween phases of forced westernization and phases of extremist, strongly xenophobic traditionalism.The Arab world—simultaneously fascinated and terrified by these Franj [Franks], whom they encountered asbarbarians, but whom subsequently managed to dominate the earth—cannot bring itself to consider the crusades amere episode in the bygone past. It is often surprising to discover the extent to which the attitude of the Arabs (andof Muslims in general) towards the West is still influenced, even today, by events that supposedly ended someseven centuries ago.

What is the main purpose of this article? (A)To contrast phishers and hackers. (B)To report a serious phishing crime. (C)To explain the nature of phishing. (D)To prevent Internet phishing scams.

The crusades had a negative impact on the Muslim world, and this idea is suggested by the word _____ in thepassage. (A)genuine (B)revolution (C)holy (D)decadence

What do “phishing” and “fishing” have in common? (A)They both use bait to lure prey. (B)They both have 5 percent chance of success. (C)They both need extreme patience. (D)They both make money from the Internet.

What does the sentence “the Muslim world turned in on itself” suggest? (A)self-enclosure (B)submission (C)self-pity (D)inferiority

According to the article, who was behind the Eastern European phishing scam? (A)A bank employee. (B)A Russian crime gang. (C)Small-time crooks. (D)The police.

According to the passage, the Muslim world has been caught in the dilemma between self-identity and _____. (A)obscurantism (B)westernization (C)alternation (D)traditionalism

According to this article, why is phishing likely to be profitable? (A)The people who are cheated usually live in wealthy countries. (B)The phishers know how to invest their money. (C)Every phisher can have 5 percent share in each case. (D)Phishers advertise their products through the Internet.

What does the word “barbarians” in the second paragraph refer to? (A)Iranians. (B)Turks. (C)Arabians. (D)Franks.

According to this article, which would probably NOT be found in a phishing email message? (A)A real bank’s name. (B)An offer of discount on a product. (C)The receiver’s name. (D)The name of a credit card company.

Which of the following words best describes the influence of the crusades on the Arab world? (A)Long-lasting. (B)Temporary. (C)Insignificant. (D)Transitional.