(1) This Act is the Payment Services Act 2019.(2) Section 113 comes into operation on a date that the Minister appoints by notification in the Gazette. —(1) This Act is the Payment Services Act 2019. (2) Section 113 comes into operation on
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Payment Services Act 2019
An Act to provide for the licensing and regulation of payment service providers, the oversight of payment systems, and connected matters and to make consequential and related amendments to certain other Acts.
Sections (135)
Marginal notes shown beside each section number. Select a section to read its full text.
(1) In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires —“5% controller”, in relation to a corporation (being a licensee or an operator of a designated payment system), means a person that alone or together with the person’s associates —(a)
(1) Subject to subsection (2), this Act does not apply to any public authority.(2) The Minister may by order declare that a public authority is one to which this Act applies. —(1) Subject to subsection (2), this Act does not apply to any pu
(1) Subject to subsection (2), the Authority may appoint any person to exercise any of its powers or perform any of its functions or duties under this Act, either generally or in any particular case, except —(a) the power of appointment con
(1) A person must not carry on a business of providing any type of payment service in Singapore, unless the person —(a) has in force a licence that entitles the person to carry on a business of providing that type of payment service; or (b)
(1) A person that wishes to carry on a business of providing any type of payment service may apply to the Authority, in such form and manner as the Authority may require, for the appropriate licence under this section.(2) The types of licen
(1) A licensee may apply to the Authority, in the form and manner prescribed, for any of the following things:(a) a variation of the licensee’s standard payment institution licence or major payment institution licence by changing the types
(1) A person —(a) must not hold the person out as carrying on a business of providing any type of payment service, unless the person is a licensee that is entitled to carry on a business of providing that type of payment service, an exempt
(1) A person (other than a licensee or an exempt payment service provider), whether in Singapore or elsewhere, must not, whether by that person or through any other person in Singapore or elsewhere, do any of the following things:(a) offer
(1) A licensee must pay to the Authority a prescribed annual fee in such manner as the Authority may specify by written notice.(2) The Authority may prescribe different annual fees for different classes of licensees, depending on the type a
(1) A licence lapses —(a) if the licensee (being an entity) is wound up or otherwise dissolved, whether in Singapore or elsewhere; (b) if the licensee (being an individual) dies, becomes mentally incapacitated or is adjudicated a bankrupt;
(1) Any person that is aggrieved —(a) by the refusal of the Authority to grant a licence to the person; or (b) by the revocation or suspension of the person’s licence by the Authority, may, within 30 days after having been informed by the A
(1) Subject to subsection (8), the following persons are exempt from the requirement to have in force a licence to carry on a business of providing any payment service:(a) a bank licensed under the Banking Act 1970; (b) a merchant bank lice
(1) A licensee must not carry on a business of providing any type of payment service unless the licensee has —(a) a permanent place of business; or (b) a registered office in Singapore. (2) A licensee must appoint at least one person to be
(1) A licensee must notify the Authority of the occurrence of any of the following events as soon as practicable after that occurrence:(a) any civil or criminal proceeding instituted against the licensee, whether in Singapore or elsewhere;
(1) Subject to subsection (4), the Authority may, by written notice, require any licensee, or any person acting on behalf of a licensee, to provide to the Authority, within such period as the Authority may specify in the notice, all such in
(1) A licensee must submit to the Authority such reports or returns relating to the licensee’s business in such form, manner and frequency as the Authority may specify by written notice.(2) A person that contravenes subsection (1) shall be
(1) A licensee must not provide any type of payment service in Singapore through an agent, unless —(a) the agent has in force a licence that entitles the agent to carry on a business of providing that type of payment service; or (b) the age
(1) Where any matter mentioned in subsection (2)(a), (b) or (c) applies, a licensee that carries on a business of providing any account issuance service must not do any of the following things:(a) allow any payment service user to whom the
(1) A licensee must not carry on a business of granting any credit facility to any individual in Singapore.(2) A licensee that is entitled to and does carry on a business of providing an e‑money issuance service —(a) must not lend any custo
Section 14 of the Currency Act 1967 does not apply to the issue of e‑money.
(1) A licensee that provides a digital payment token service must satisfy the requirements prescribed by regulations made under section 103(1) in respect of —(a) the extent to which assets (including digital payment tokens) belonging to a c
(1) Every major payment institution must maintain with the Authority security of a prescribed amount (or its equivalent in a foreign currency), for the due performance of the obligations of the major payment institution to every payment ser
(1) Subsection (2) applies to —(a) every major payment institution that carries on a business of providing any of the following payment services:(i) a domestic money transfer service; (ii) a cross‑border money transfer service; (iii) a merc
(1) A major payment institution that carries on a business of providing an account issuance service must —(a) ensure that the currency equivalent of the e‑money contained in a personal payment account issued by the major payment institution
(1) The Authority may, by written notice, direct a payment service provider (being a major payment institution, an exempt payment service provider or a person exempt under section 100) to do either or both of the following in order to ensur
(1) The Authority may, by written notice, direct a payment service provider (being a major payment institution, an exempt payment service provider or a person exempt under section 100) that operates a payment system to adopt any common stan
(1) This Division applies to —(a) every individual, whether or not resident in Singapore and whether or not a citizen of Singapore; and (b) every entity. (2) In this Division, unless the context otherwise requires, any reference to a licens
(1) A person must not become a 20% controller of a licensee without first applying for and obtaining the approval of the Authority under subsection (2).(2) The Authority may approve an application made by any person under subsection (1) if
(1) The Authority may serve a written notice of objection on any person that is, or is required to obtain or has obtained the Authority’s approval under section 28(2) to become, a 20% controller of a licensee, if the Authority is satisfied
(1) If the Authority is satisfied that a person has contravened section 28(1) or (6) or has failed to comply with any condition imposed under section 28(3) or (4), or if the Authority has served a written notice of objection under section 2
(1) The Authority may, by written notice, direct a licensee to obtain from any of its shareholders, and to provide to the Authority, any information relating to the shareholder that the Authority may require for either or both of the follow
(1) A person that —(a) contravenes section 28(1) or (6) or 29(5) or does any act in contravention of section 30(2); (b) fails to comply with —(i) any written notice issued under section 30(1) or 31(1) or (3); or (ii) any condition imposed u
Any person that is aggrieved by a decision of the Authority under section 28, 29 or 30 may, within 30 days after receiving the decision of the Authority, appeal in writing to the Minister, whose decision is final.
(1) Subject to subsection (4) —(a) a licensee incorporated in Singapore must not appoint an individual as its chief executive officer or director; (b) a licensee incorporated outside Singapore must not appoint an individual as its chief exe
(1) Despite the provisions of any other written law, where the Authority is satisfied that an individual appointed as chief executive officer, director or partner of a licensee incorporated or formed in Singapore is not a fit and proper per
(1) A licensee incorporated or formed in Singapore that is aggrieved by a decision of the Authority under section 34(3)(b) may, within 30 days after receiving the decision of the Authority, appeal in writing to the Minister, whose decision
(1) Despite the provisions of the Companies Act 1967, a licensee —(a) must, on an annual basis and at its own expense, appoint an auditor; and (b) if for any reason its auditor ceases to be its auditor, appoint another auditor as soon as pr
(1) An auditor appointed by the Authority under section 37(2) may, for the purpose of carrying out an examination or audit —(a) examine, on oath or affirmation, any officer or employee of the licensee or any other auditor of the licensee; (
(1) Except as may be necessary for the carrying into effect of the provisions of this Act or so far as may be required for the purposes of any legal proceedings, whether civil or criminal —(a) an auditor appointed under section 37(1) or (2)
(1) An individual who, with intent to prevent, delay or obstruct the carrying out of any examination or audit under section 37 or 38 —(a) destroys, conceals or alters any book relating to the business of a licensee; or (b) sends, or conspir
(1) The Authority may, by notice in the form and manner prescribed, require any of the following persons to provide to the Authority, within a reasonable period specified in the notice, such information relating to a payment system as the A
(1) The Authority may, by order in the Gazette, designate a payment system as a designated payment system for the purposes of this Act, if the Authority is satisfied that any of the following considerations applies:(a) a disruption in the o
(1) A person must not hold the person out as the operator or settlement institution of a designated payment system unless the payment system has been designated by the Authority under section 42.(2) A person that contravenes subsection (1)
(1) The Authority may, by written notice, impose on a participant, an operator or a settlement institution of a designated payment system such conditions or restrictions as the Authority thinks fit.(2) The Authority may, at any time, by wri
(1) The Authority may, by order in the Gazette, withdraw the designation of any designated payment system at any time if the Authority is of the opinion that the applicable consideration in section 42(1)(a)(i), (ii) or (iii), (b) or (c) is
(1) Section 50, Divisions 4 to 8 of this Part, and Part 5 do not apply to an operator of a designated payment system that is designated only because the Authority is satisfied of the consideration in section 42(1)(b).(2) Sections 44, 102 an
(1) An operator of a designated payment system, and a settlement institution of a designated payment system, must, within such period, after the date on which the order under section 42(1) designating that payment system is published in the
(1) An operator of a designated payment system, and a settlement institution of a designated payment system, must notify the Authority of the occurrence of any of the following events as soon as practicable after that occurrence:(a) an inte
(1) An operator of a designated payment system must submit to the Authority such reports or returns in the form, manner and frequency prescribed.(2) A person that contravenes subsection (1) shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable
(1) An operator of a designated payment system must notify the Authority of the occurrence of any of the following events as soon as practicable after the occurrence of that event:(a) the carrying on of any business by the operator other th
(1) The Authority may, by order in the Gazette, impose an access regime in respect of a relevant payment system on one or more of the following persons or classes of persons, on such terms and conditions as the Authority may consider approp
(1) The Authority may, by order in the Gazette, vary an access regime that has been imposed under section 51 in respect of a relevant payment system, on such terms and conditions as the Authority may consider appropriate.(2) In considering
(1) An access regime in respect of a relevant payment system ceases to be in force if —(a) the order imposing or varying the access regime under section 51(1) or 52(1) (as the case may be) provides for an expiry date, and that date is reach
(1) If a person has been denied access to a payment system by any participant, operator, settlement institution or other person that determines access to the payment system, in contravention of a term or condition of the access regime impos
In this Division, unless the context otherwise requires —“business” includes affairs, property, right, obligation and liability; “Court” means the General Division of the High Court; “debenture” has the meaning given by section 4(1) of the
(1) A transferor may transfer the whole or any part of its business (including any business that is not the usual business of an operator or a settlement institution of a designated payment system) to a transferee, if —(a) the Authority has
(1) A transferor must apply to the Court for its approval of the transfer of the whole or any part of the business of the transferor to the transferee under section 56(1).(2) Before making an application under subsection (1) —(a) the transf
(1) This Division applies to —(a) every individual, whether or not resident in Singapore and whether or not a citizen of Singapore; and (b) every entity. (2) In this Division, unless the context otherwise requires —(a) any reference to an o
(1) A person must not become —(a) a 5% controller; (b) a 12% controller; (c) a 20% controller; or (d) an indirect controller, of an operator without first applying for and obtaining the approval of the Authority under subsection (3). (2) A
(1) The Authority may serve a written notice of objection on any person that is a 5% controller, a 12% controller, a 20% controller or an indirect controller of an operator, or is required to obtain or has obtained the Authority’s approval
(1) If the Authority is satisfied that a person has contravened section 59(1), (2) or (7) or has failed to comply with any condition imposed under section 59(4) or (5), or if the Authority has served a written notice of objection under sect
(1) The Authority may, by written notice, direct an operator to obtain from any of its shareholders, and to provide to the Authority, any information relating to the shareholder that the Authority may require for either or both of the follo
(1) A person that contravenes section 59(1)(a) or (b), (2) or (7)(a) or (c) shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction —(a) in the case of an individual, to a fine not exceeding $125,000 and, in the case of a continuing
Any person that is aggrieved by a decision of the Authority under section 59, 60 or 61 may, within 30 days after receiving the decision of the Authority, appeal in writing to the Minister, whose decision is final.
(1) Subject to subsection (4) —(a) a Singapore operator of a designated payment system must not appoint an individual as its chief executive officer or director; and (b) any other operator of a designated payment system must not appoint an
(1) Despite the provisions of any other written law —(a) where the Authority is satisfied that an individual appointed as an executive officer of an operator or a settlement institution of a designated payment system is not a fit and proper
(1) An operator of a designated payment system that is aggrieved by a decision of the Authority under section 65(3)(b) may, within 30 days after receiving the decision of the Authority, appeal in writing to the Minister, whose decision is f
(1) Despite the provisions of the Companies Act 1967, an operator or a settlement institution of a designated payment system must —(a) on an annual basis and at its own expense, appoint an auditor; and (b) if for any reason its auditor ceas
(1) An auditor appointed by the Authority under section 68(2) for an operator or a settlement institution of a designated payment system may, for the purpose of carrying out an examination or audit —(a) examine, on oath or affirmation, any
(1) Except as may be necessary for the carrying into effect of the provisions of this Act or so far as may be required for the purposes of any legal proceedings, whether civil or criminal —(a) an auditor appointed under section 68(1) or (2)
(1) An individual who, with intent to prevent, delay or obstruct the carrying out of any examination or audit under section 68 or 69 —(a) destroys, conceals or alters any book relating to the business of an operator or a settlement institut
(1) The Authority may from time to time inspect, under conditions of secrecy, the books of any of the following persons:(a) a licensee; (b) an exempt payment service provider; (c) an operator of a designated payment system; (d) a settlement
(1) Subject to subsection (2), where the Authority has —(a) produced a written report upon an inspection under section 72 of the books of a person (being a licensee, an exempt payment service provider, an operator, a settlement institution
(1) A person is not excused from disclosing information to the Authority pursuant to a requirement made of the person under this Part on the grounds that the disclosure of the information might tend to incriminate the person.(2) Where a per
(1) Nothing in this Part —(a) compels an advocate and solicitor to disclose or produce any privileged communication, or a document or other material containing any privileged communication, made by or to the advocate and solicitor in that c
In this Part —“advocate and solicitor” means an advocate and solicitor of the Supreme Court or a foreign lawyer as defined in section 2(1) of the Legal Profession Act 1966; “auditor” means a public accountant who is registered or deemed to
(1) The Authority may conduct such investigation as it considers necessary or expedient for any of the following purposes:(a) to perform any of its functions and duties under this Act; (b) to ensure compliance with this Act or any written d
(1) Where a written report or any part of a written report (called in this section the report) has been produced by the Authority in respect of any investigation under section 76B and is provided by the Authority to the person under investi
(1) A person is not excused from disclosing information to the Authority, or an investigator or authorised person mentioned in Subdivision (2) or (3), pursuant to a requirement made of the person under any provision of this Division, on the
(1) For the purpose of an investigation under this Division, the Authority may, in writing, require a person —(a) to give to the Authority all reasonable assistance in connection with the investigation; and (b) to appear before an officer o
The provisions of this Subdivision apply where, pursuant to a requirement made under section 76E for the purposes of an investigation under this Division, a person (called in this Subdivision the examinee) appears before another person (cal
(1) The investigator may examine the examinee on oath or affirmation, and may, for that purpose, administer an oath or affirmation to the examinee.(2) The oath or affirmation to be taken or made by the examinee for the purposes of the exami
(1) The examination must take place in private and the investigator may give directions as to who may be present during the examination or part thereof.(2) A person must not be present at the examination unless the person is —(a) the invest
(1) The investigator may, and must if the examinee so requests, cause a record to be made of statements made at the examination.(2) If a record made under subsection (1) is in writing or is reduced to writing —(a) the investigator may requi
(1) The Authority may, subject to such conditions or restrictions as it may impose, give a copy of a written record of the examination, or such a copy together with a copy of any related book, to an advocate and solicitor acting on behalf o
If a copy of any written record or book is given to a person under section 76I(2) or 76J(1) or (3) subject to conditions or restrictions imposed by the investigator or the Authority (as the case may be), the person, and any other person who
For the purpose of an investigation under this Division, the Authority may, in writing, require —(a) a person who is believed to possess, or to have power to access, any book, or who is believed to possess any information, relating to any m
(1) In connection with an investigation under this Division, any officer of the Authority who is authorised by the Authority to do so (called in this section an investigator) and such other officers or persons as the Authority has authorise
(1) A Magistrate may, on the application of the Authority —(a) issue a warrant, if the Magistrate is satisfied that there are reasonable grounds to suspect that there is, on any particular premises, any book, or a computer in which any data
(1) This section applies where —(a) any book is produced to the Authority, or access to any book, or any data contained in or available to a computer, is given to the Authority —(i) pursuant to a requirement under section 76L; or (ii) durin
Where a person fails to comply with a requirement imposed by the Authority under section 76L to produce any book, provide any information or give access to any book or data, the Authority may require the person to state, to the best of his
(1) Subject to this section, a copy of or extract from any book referred to in this Division that is proved to be a true copy of the book, or of the relevant part of the book, is admissible in evidence as if it were the original book, or th
(1) An advocate and solicitor or legal counsel who, without reasonable excuse, fails to comply with section 76D(5) shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $50,000.(2) A person who, without rea
In this Division ––“Commercial Affairs Officer” means a Commercial Affairs Officer appointed under section 64 of the Police Force Act 2004; “police officer” means a member of the Singapore Police Force.[Act 12 of 2024 wef 24/01/2025]
(1) Despite the provisions of any written law or rule of law, the Authority may provide any book, written record of any examination or other information, or access to any data, obtained by the Authority under this Part to —(a) a police offi
Despite the provisions of any written law or any rule of law, any book, data, statement or other information obtained by —(a) a police officer or a Commercial Affairs Officer in the exercise of his or her powers under Divisions 1 and 2 of P
In this Part, unless the context otherwise requires —“business” includes affairs and property; “emergency” means —(a) any situation that prevents a designated payment system from carrying out its functions; (b) any situation in which, in th
(1) The Authority may exercise one or more of the powers specified in subsection (2) as appears to the Authority to be necessary, where —(a) a payment entity informs the Authority that the payment entity is or is likely to become insolvent,
(1) Without affecting section 78, where the Authority has reason to believe that an emergency exists, or thinks that it is necessary or expedient in the interests of the public or a section of the public to so act, the Authority may exercis
(1) Upon assuming control of any business of a payment entity under section 78(2)(c), the Authority or statutory manager (as the case may be) must take custody or control of the relevant business of the payment entity.(2) During the period
(1) The Authority must cease to be in control of the relevant business of a payment entity when the Authority is satisfied that the reasons for the Authority’s assumption of control of the relevant business have ceased to exist.(2) A statut
(1) During the period when the Authority or statutory manager is in control of the relevant business of a payment entity —(a) a relevant person must provide to the Authority or statutory manager, within such time and in such manner as the A
The Authority may at any time fix the remuneration and expenses to be paid by a payment entity —(a) to a statutory adviser or statutory manager appointed in relation to the payment entity, whether or not the appointment has been revoked; an
In this Part, unless the context otherwise requires —“enforce” means enforce through criminal or administrative proceedings; “enforcement”, in relation to a regulatory authority, means the taking of any action to enforce a law or regulatory
(1) The Authority may provide the assistance mentioned in section 87 to a regulatory authority of a foreign country if the Authority is satisfied that all of the following conditions are fulfilled:(a) the assistance is intended to enable th
In deciding whether to grant a request for assistance mentioned in section 87 from a regulatory authority of a foreign country, the Authority may also have regard to the following:(a) whether the act or omission that is alleged to constitut
(1) Despite any provision of or requirement under any prescribed written law, or any rule of law, the Authority or any person authorised by the Authority may, in relation to a request by a regulatory authority of a foreign country for assis
(1) A person that —(a) without reasonable excuse, refuses or fails to comply with an order under section 87(1)(b), (c) or (d); (b) in purported compliance with an order made under section 87(1)(b) or (c), provides to the Authority or transm
(1) No civil or criminal proceedings, other than proceedings for an offence under section 88, shall lie against any person for —(a) providing to the Authority or transmitting any material or copy of material to the Authority or a regulatory
(1) Where, in a proceeding for an offence under this Act, it is necessary to prove the state of mind of a corporation in relation to a particular conduct, evidence that —(a) an officer, employee or agent of the corporation engaged in that c
(1) Where, in a proceeding for an offence under this Act, it is necessary to prove the state of mind of an unincorporated association or a partnership in relation to a particular conduct, evidence that —(a) an employee or agent of the uninc
(1) An officer of a relevant entity, whose duty is or includes ensuring that the relevant entity complies with a provision of this Act, who fails to take all reasonable steps to secure such compliance, shall be guilty of an offence and shal
(1) An officer, auditor, employee or agent of a relevant entity who —(a) wilfully makes, or causes to be made, a false entry in any book, or in any report, slip, document or statement of the business, affairs, transactions, conditions or as
(1) A person who provides the Authority with any information under or for the purposes of any provision of this Act must use reasonable care to ensure that the information is not false or misleading in any material particular.[Act 1 of 2021
A person guilty of an offence under this Act for which no penalty is expressly provided shall be liable on conviction —(a) in the case of an individual, to a fine not exceeding $50,000; or (b) in any other case, to a fine not exceeding $100
(1) The Authority may compound any offence under this Act that is prescribed as a compoundable offence by collecting from a person reasonably suspected of having committed the offence a sum of money not exceeding half of the amount of the m
Despite any provision to the contrary in the Criminal Procedure Code 2010, a District Court has jurisdiction to try any offence under this Act and has power to impose the full penalty or punishment in respect of any offence under this Act.
Where this Act provides for a person to be given an opportunity to be heard by the Authority, the Authority may prescribe the manner in which the person is to be given such opportunity to be heard.
(1) Where, on an application of the Authority, it appears to the court that a person —(a) has committed an offence under this Act; or (b) is about to do an act that, if done, would be an offence under this Act, the court may (without prejud
(1) The Authority may, by regulations, exempt any of the following from all or any of the provisions of this Act, subject to such conditions as may be prescribed:(a) any person or class of persons; (b) any payment service or class of paymen
(1) The Authority may issue, and in its discretion publish by notification in the Gazette or in any other manner the Authority considers appropriate, such codes, guidelines, policy statements, practice notes and no‑action letters as the Aut
(1) The Authority may, if it thinks it necessary or expedient for the effective administration of this Act, for the protection of consumers or in the interest of the public or a section of the public, for ensuring the integrity and proper m
(1) The Authority may make regulations prescribing matters required or permitted by this Act to be prescribed, or necessary or convenient to be prescribed for carrying out or giving effect to this Act.(2) Without limiting subsection (1), th
(1) The Authority may, from time to time, prepare and publish —(a) consolidated statements aggregating any information provided under this Act; or (b) for statistical purposes, statements that relate to or are derived from any information p
(1) A document that is permitted or required by this Act to be served on a person may be served as described in this section.(2) A document permitted or required by this Act to be served on an individual may be served —(a) by giving it to t
(1) The Authority may provide an electronic service for the service of any document that is required or authorised by this Act to be served on any person.(2) For the purposes of the electronic service, the Authority may assign to any person
(1) The Minister may, by order in the Gazette, amend, add to or vary the First or Second Schedule.(2) The Minister may, in any order made under subsection (1), make such incidental, consequential or supplementary provisions as may be necess
Section 53 of the Financial Holding Companies Act 2013 (Act 13 of 2013) is amended by deleting paragraph (f) of the definition of “prescribed written law” and substituting the following paragraph:“(f) Payment Services Act 2019;”.
In this Part, unless the context otherwise requires —“approved bank” and “approved holder” have the meanings given by section 2(1) of the PSOA; “MCRBA” means the Money‑changing and Remittance Businesses Act (Cap. 187, 2008 Revised Edition)
(1) Any person that, immediately before 28 January 2020, is a holder of a remittance licence, but is not also a holder of a money‑changer’s licence or an approved holder of a stored value facility —(a) is deemed to have been granted, on 28
(1) Any person that, immediately before 28 January 2020, was exempt under section 31(3) of the MCRBA from the requirement to hold a remittance licence is deemed, on 28 January 2020, to be exempt under section 100(4) from sections 5(1) and 6
(1) Any application for a renewal of a remittance licence or money‑changer’s licence that is pending, immediately before 28 January 2020, is deemed to have been withdrawn on 28 January 2020, and the Authority must refund any fee paid for th
(1) Any payment system that, immediately before 28 January 2020, is a designated payment system under section 7(1) of the PSOA is deemed, on 28 January 2020, to be a designated payment system under section 42(1).(2) Any condition or restric
For a period of 2 years after the date of commencement of any provision of this Act, the Minister may, by regulations, prescribe such additional provisions of a saving or transitional nature consequent to the enactment of that provision as
Cite this Act
Payment Services Act 2019 (2020 Rev Ed) (Singapore Statutes Online). Retrieved via LawPlayer, https://lawplayer.com/sg/act/PSA2019 (accessed 2026-03-25)
Source: Singapore Statutes Online (sso.agc.gov.sg), © Singapore Government
本頁資料來源:Singapore Statutes Online (AGC)·整理提供:法律人 LawPlayer· lawplayer.com