社會行政 103 年中華民國憲法與英文考古題

A _____ crime is considered to be one involving grave bodily injury or death, and in some places the crime ispunished with death. (A)capital (B)legitimate (C)negligent (D)turbulent

For a group to reach a _____ on a decision, all members must agree to accept the decision and to takeresponsibility for implementing it. (A)compatibility (B)conformity (C)consistency (D)consensus

In order to make his readers understand the abstract concept more easily, the writer provides many true-to-lifeexamples to help _____ his major points. (A)enchant (B)resolve (C)illustrate (D)dedicate

The importance of warming up is well known, but even professional athletes would _____ warming-up routinesbefore games. (A)advance (B)challenge (C)neglect (D)reward

_____has become almost a way of life in America, where there are many more lawyers than in any other countryon earth. (A)Debate (B)Intervention (C)Litigation (D)Negotiation請依下文回答第6 題至第9 題Since many vegetables had their earliest uses as medicinal, herbals are some of the earliest and most importantmanuals about vegetables. The origin of these early plant books can be traced to the Greek interest in cataloging anddescribing plants. As originators of the study of botany, the Greeks produced writings that listed common plantswhile often supplying their medical usage. For much of the Middle Ages, there was little distinction betweenmedicine and botany, as plants were used to cure ills.The greatest authority of medicinal plants during the Renaissance was the Greek physician Pedanius Dioscorides(about A.D. 20). Dioscorides was the most authoritative writer in botany for 16 centuries, and his work De MateriaMedica (The Matters of Medicine) is considered the most important herbal of all time. He traveled widely and studiedplants wherever he went. For over 1,500 years his work was considered the final authority on the pharmaceutical uses|80610of herbs and plants. His work described roughly 500 plants and 1,000 different medications.With the development of the printing press, the first half of the 16th century saw much of his work translatedinto common languages such as French, German, Italian, and English.

According to the passage, what does the underlined word “herbals” mean? (A)A mixture of herbs and plants (B)Greek medicine (C)Medicinal grass (D)Cataloged texts

According to the passage, what was Dioscorides famous for? (A)Writing the book entitled The Matters of Medicine (B)Classifying fruits in the Middle Ages (C)Translating his original botanical study into French, German, and English (D)Inventing 1,000 different medications

How did the book De Materia Medica become popular? (A)Through doctors who used its prescriptions to treat their patients (B)Through botanists around the world who used it as a textbook (C)Through the Greek physicians’ strong recommendation (D)Through the development of the printing press

According to this passage, which of the following statements is true? (A)Vegetables could be distinguished from medical herbs easily in the Middle Ages. (B)De Materia Medica taught farmers how to grow vegetables and herbs. (C)Dioscorides’ work was considered the definite authority on pharmacy. (D)Dioscorides studied botany in the 1st century.請依下文回答第10 題至第13 題Many volcanic eruptions have taken place in the last two hundred years. However, three stand out, not onlybecause of the destruction they caused, but also because of the number of lives they claimed.Until 1815, Mount Tomboro on Sumbawa Island in Indonesia was 4,100 meters high. These days it is 2,821meters above sea level. The reason for this was the largest volcanic eruption of modern times. Fifty cubic kilometers ofmatter was hurled into the atmosphere, and volcanic ash fell on islands as far away as a thousand kilometers.The eruption itself killed ten thousand people, but the destruction of livestock and crops brought about a faminewhich increased the death toll to over ninety thousand. There was also so much volcanic debris circulating in theearth’s upper atmosphere that 1816 became known as “the year without a summer.”Sixty-eight years after Mount Tomboro erupted, another huge volcanic explosion took place there. This time itwas Mount Krakatoa. It caused such a powerful tsunami that 165 coastal villages were wiped out. The sun wascompletely blacked out for more than twenty-four hours and volcanic ash fell over ships as far away as 6,000kilometers.Finally, the most recent massive eruption happened in Washington State in the USA, when the top blew offMount St. Helens on 18th May 1980, and a cloud of ash and gas shot nineteen kilometers into the air. It was highenough to cause turbulence for jetliners passing overhead. Luckily, the loss of life was minimal as the mountain lies inthe middle of a sparsely populated national park. However, the blast destroyed all wildlife within 180 squarekilometers of the mountain.These facts are just the tip of the iceberg, but what one can learn from them is that volcanoes will go on eruptingand that there is very little we can do about it.

What does the underlined word “claimed” mean in the first paragraph? (A)Killed (B)Considered (C)Demanded (D)Declared

Why is the year 1816 known as “the year without a summer”? (A)Rocks and ash shooting into the air caused turbulence. (B)The world was buried under fifty kilometers of matter. (C)The volcanic eruption brought about an ice age on Earth. (D)The volcanic ash blocked out the sun.|80610

Which of the following statements is true? (A)Mount Krakatoa erupted in 1883, creating a hole in the center of the island. (B)The biggest volcanic eruption of modern times took place in the United States. (C)The eruption of Mount St. Helens caused a huge tsunami, destroying many coastal villages. (D)The major damage caused by the eruption of Mount St. Helens was the death of animals and plants.

According to the passage, which of the following effects is NOT mentioned as a consequence of a volcaniceruption? (A)Fracture of the earth plate (B)Turbulence in the air (C)Extreme lack of food (D)Destructive tidal waves請依下文回答第14 題至第16 題Mark Twain called the times in which he lived, and particularly the late 1800s, the Gilded Age. Twain wanted topoint out that despite its outward showiness, American society was inwardly corrupt. But wealthy industrialists at thattime certainly did not see themselves in this way, and a philosophical movement called social Darwinism helped thembelieve that the accumulation of riches by a few was the “natural order.” Social Darwinism, the theory developed byHerbert Spencer, was in part an application of Charles Darwin’s evolutionary theories to human societies. Spencerargued that some members of society, those who were “naturally” superior, were meant to climb to the top and shouldnot be impeded. In addition, Spencer warned that those who were at the bottom, by their very natures, were unfit tosurvive, and therefore charity was meaningless. Not surprisingly, many industrialists used his ideas to oppose socialreforms and government intervention. Like his contemporaries, Andrew Carnegie was a firm supporter of socialDarwinism. However, he did not agree with all of Spencer’s ideas, as he felt poverty could build character. Indeed, hemust have felt it had done so for him. And, though abhorring what he called idle charities, he believed in helping thosewho would help themselves. Unlike many of his contemporaries, Carnegie did, in the end, share his wealth by grantingmillions of dollars to libraries and centers for peace and education worldwide.

According to Twain, what does the term “Gilded Age” describe? (A)A very wealthy age (B)A seemingly shining but corrupted age (C)A gold rush age (D)A glorious and prosperous age

According to the passage, who welcomed social Darwinism the most? (A)The author himself (B)Mark Twain, the famous writer (C)The rich industrialists (D)The poor workers

According to the passage, which of the following statements is true about Carnegie? (A)He was poor when he was young. (B)He believed poverty could destroy a person’s personality. (C)He did not care about education. (D)He believed charity was meaningless.請依下文回答第17 題至第21 題Imagine that you are at a dinner party, seated with many people at a large table. In the course of conversation, theperson sitting across from you laughingly remarks, “Of course, I’m illiterate…!” What would you say? Would youlaugh along with him or her and confess that you never really learned to read either? Would you expect other people atthe table to do so? Now imagine the same scene, only this time the guest across from you says, “Of course, I’ve neverbeen any good at math…!” What happens this time? Naturally, you can expect other people at the table to chime incheerfully with their own claims to have “never been good at math”—the implicit message being that no ordinaryperson ever is.The fact is that mathematics has a tarnished reputation in many English-speaking societies. It is commonlyaccepted that math is difficult, obscure, and of interest only to “certain people.” People who are talented at math orprofess enjoyment of it are often treated as though they are not quite normal. Alarmingly, many school teacherscommunicate this attitude to their students directly or indirectly, so that young people are invariably exposed to ananti-math bias at an impressionable age. It comes thus as a surprise to many people to learn that this attitude is notshared by other societies. In Russian or German culture, for example, mathematics is viewed as an essential part ofliteracy, and an educated person would be chagrined to confess ignorance of basic mathematics.|80610

What is this passage mainly about? (A)The ways of mastering mathematical skills (B)Some social attitudes towards mathematics (C)The reasons why many students fail their math course (D)The application of math in daily life

What does the underlined phrase “chime in” in the first paragraph mean? (A)To make fun of (B)To be accordant with (C)To join a conversation (D)To take a leave

Why does mathematics have a tarnished reputation in English-speaking societies? (A)Because it is useless. (B)Because school teachers don’t like it. (C)Because only some can succeed in mathematics. (D)Because mathematicians tend to be talkative.

According to the author, which of the following is NOT true? (A)Many people have a fear of math. (B)Some common but erroneous ideas about mathematics prevail among young students. (C)Many teachers help shape students’ negative attitude towards mathematics. (D)To be good at math, you have to be an abnormal person first.

What can be inferred from the passage? (A)Solving math problems is not healthy for normal people. (B)People of different cultures may have different attitudes towards math. (C)German and Russian students do not perform well on math tests. (D)Math anxiety affects only children.第22 題至第25 題為篇章結構，各題請依下文文意，從4 個選項中選出最合適者，各題答案內容不重複As scientists gain more knowledge about the causes of diseases, they make great progress in preventing,controlling, and curing them. 22 Many disease-causing microbes, in fact, are found in perfectly healthy hosts.Infection is the presence of organisms within or upon the tissues of a host. 23 The term “parasite” usually refersto an organism that lives at the expense of the host. Disease may be regarded as some change affecting the normalfunctioning of an organism. 24The human skin and breathing passages are alive with billions of microorganisms. Many of the bacteria, fungi,and viruses found in these areas are acquired shortly after birth. 25 Throughout the lifetime of an individual, he orshe continues to act as host to various kinds of microorganisms.

(A)Disease is due to disturbances or imbalances of body fluids. (B)Life would be impossible without the activities of microorganisms. (C)There are also microorganisms that infect the infant even before it is born. (D)And they learn that infection and disease are not necessarily one and the same.

(A)Disease is due to disturbances or imbalances of body fluids. (B)Life would be impossible without the activities of microorganisms. (C)And they learn that infection and disease are not necessarily one and the same. (D)Basically there are two forms of host-parasite interaction: infections associated with disease and infections notassociated with apparent disease.

(A)Life would be impossible without the activities of microorganisms. (B)There are also microorganisms that infect the infant even before it is born. (C)This change can be serious and lead to death, or it may be so slight that it escapes notice. (D)Basically there are two forms of host-parasite interaction: infections associated with disease and infections notassociated with apparent disease.

(A)Disease is due to disturbances or imbalances of body fluids. (B)Life would be impossible without the activities of microorganisms. (C)There are also microorganisms that infect the infant even before it is born. (D)Basically there are two forms of host-parasite interaction: infections associated with disease and infections notassociated with apparent disease.