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法制(高考/地特/升等)·112·法學知識與英文1/50

法制(高考/地特/升等) 112法學知識與英文考古題

46 題選擇題4 題申論題資料來源:考選部下載 .txt
跨年同科91-115
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題庫收錄歷年原題與當年公告答案;涉修法條文之題目,請以現行法為準。

試題50
112
1

依憲法及司法院大法官相關解釋,有關行政院與立法院之關係,下列敘述何者錯誤?

(A)立法委員有向行政院院長質詢之權
(B)立法院有向行政院調閱文件之權
(C)行政院有向立法院提出施政報告且備詢之義務
(D)立法委員如認為行政院院長有違法失職,得對之提出彈劾案✓ 正解
112
2

下列何者不屬於憲法明文規定之平等?

(A)國民教育機會平等
(B)兩性實質地位平等
(C)各民族語言平等✓ 正解
(D)平等選舉原則
112
3

依據憲法增修條文及憲法訴訟法之相關規定,關於解散違憲政黨之審理程序,下列敘述何者正確?

(A)人民因憲法權利遭受特定政黨不法侵害,得向憲法法庭提出系爭政黨違憲解散之聲請
(B)違憲政黨之解散事項,應由憲法法庭審理之✓ 正解
(C)大法官受理政黨違憲解散之聲請後,必要時得行言詞辯論
(D)宣告政黨解散之判決,其評決應經大法官現有總額過半數之同意
112
4

依憲法增修條文第10 條規定,下列何者不在憲法基本國策保障範圍內?

(A)國家獎勵中醫研究發展
(B)國家鼓勵退役軍人攻讀學位
(C)國家保障新移民之工作✓ 正解
(D)國家提供創業貸款促進科技產業新創及升級
112
5

關於憲法上人民選舉、罷免、創制、複決權之行使,下列何者沒有立法形成空間?

(A)選舉權人之積極資格
(B)被選舉人之消極資格
(C)各種選舉之婦女當選名額
(D)憲法中之各種選舉以無記名投票行之✓ 正解
112
6

依司法院大法官解釋之意旨,下列何者非屬憲法第13 條宗教自由之保障範圍?

(A)不信仰宗教
(B)公立學校開設宗教課程✓ 正解
(C)組織教會
(D)定時禮拜
112
7

下列何者非屬總統之職權?

(A)依法任免文武官員
(B)依法行使特赦權
(C)依法提出預算案✓ 正解
(D)統率全國陸海空軍
112
8

地方法院法官於審理案件時,對於應適用之法律,依其合理之確信,認為有牴觸憲法之疑義者,得如何處理?

(A)層轉最高法院表示法律見解
(B)直接宣告該法律違憲
(C)停止訴訟程序,聲請憲法法庭判決✓ 正解
(D)逕自拒絕適用違憲法律
112
9

下列何者不是憲法本文規定之地方自治團體?

(A)
(B)直轄市
(C)
(D)鄉鎮市✓ 正解
112
10

監察院對軍人提出彈劾案時,應移送何機關進行審議?

(A)國防部
(B)軍事法院
(C)行政法院
(D)懲戒法院✓ 正解
112
11

下列何者是認為「法是一些條件的統合,在這些條件下,個人的意志與其他人的意志,可依據自由的一般法則而相互結合」的哲學家?

(A)亞里斯多德(Aristoteles)
(B)霍布斯(Hobbes)
(C)康德(Kant)✓ 正解
(D)黑格爾(Hegel)
112
12

臺灣法體系在戰後繼受了許多美國法的制度與概念,下列何者屬之?

(A)懲罰性損害賠償✓ 正解
(B)契約自由
(C)罪刑法定
(D)慰撫金
112
13

關於法規的訂定及名稱,下列敘述何者錯誤?

(A)「法律」由立法院通過,得名之為「律」
(B)「法規命令」由行政機關基於法律授權而訂定,得名之為「通則」✓ 正解
(C)「地方自治法規」由地方立法機關通過、各該地方行政機關公布者,係「自治條例」
(D)地方立法機關得訂定「自律規則」,並報各該上級政府備查
112
14

關於法律解釋方法,下列敘述何者錯誤?

(A)論理解釋有時亦稱體系解釋
(B)論理解釋乃從法律條文之邏輯結構和體系,考量整體法規範之意義而做之解釋
(C)法條規定之文意若過寬,此時應採取擴充解釋之方法,使其意義出現✓ 正解
(D)由法條字面之意思,推論其反對結果,從而探求法文真意的解釋方法,稱為反面解釋
112
15

關於刑法之職務上行為受賄罪,下列敘述何者錯誤?

(A)賄賂與職務上行為之間必須有對價性
(B)本罪客體之賄賂,係指金錢或其他得以金錢計算之財物
(C)職務上行為除作為外,亦包括不作為
(D)公務員接受好友年節贈禮,即成立職務上行為受賄罪✓ 正解
112
16

下列何者不屬於公司法第8 條規定之有限公司的公司負責人?

(A)董事
(B)經理人
(C)發起人✓ 正解
(D)清算人
112
17

關於勞動基準法第9 條之1 離職後競業禁止之規定,下列敘述何者錯誤?

(A)雇主有應受保護之正當營業利益,始可為競業禁止約定
(B)競業禁止之期間、區域、職業活動之範圍及就業對象,須未逾合理範疇
(C)雇主對勞工因不從事競業行為所受損失須給合理補償
(D)前述合理補償,可包括勞工於工作期間所受領之給付✓ 正解
112
18

鄉(鎮、市)民代表及鄉(鎮、市)長選舉,由下列何者辦理之?

(A)鄉(鎮、市)選舉委員會
(B)縣選舉委員會✓ 正解
(C)省選舉委員會
(D)中央選舉委員會
112
19

依民法之規定,下列何種請求權,不會因為2 年間不行使而消滅?

(A)承租人之償還費用請求權
(B)承租人之工作物取回權
(C)買受人之交付標的物請求權✓ 正解
(D)承攬人之報酬請求權
112
20

關於性別平等工作法所規範「生理假」,下列敘述何者正確?

(A)女性受僱者每個月皆可請生理假1 日
(B)生理假併入病假計算的部分,薪資可全額領取
(C)為避免女性受僱者濫用生理假,女性受僱者請生理假原則上應提出證明文件
(D)女性受僱者只有因生理日導致工作有困難時,才可以請生理假✓ 正解
112
21

The report has to be redone because it is totallyof organization and content.

(A)deployed
(B)devoid✓ 正解
(C)exclusive
(D)excessive
112
22

Because John did not get enough exposure to sunlight, his test results showed that he was at the risk of vitaminD.

(A)deficiency✓ 正解
(B)superfluity
(C)degeneration
(D)sufficiency
112
23

The manager is unlikely tothis proposal, for it involves huge investment without promising outcome.

(A)introspect
(B)discredit
(C)contravene
(D)endorse✓ 正解
112
24

He didn’t feel anyfor his school days, which were nothing but exams and unreasonable expectations fromparents and teachers.

(A)commencement
(B)nostalgia✓ 正解
(C)sympathy
(D)reconciliation
112
25

He lives in the immediateof the school, not only shortening the time on commuting but also sparing moretime for sleep.

(A)veracity
(B)velocity
(C)vicinity✓ 正解
(D)verbosity
112
26

Sarah has been a hard-working employee in the company, butspeaking, she needs more professional expertisebefore she can be promoted.

(A)frequently
(B)previously
(C)technically✓ 正解
(D)uniquely
112
27

Lina is the leader of this group project; she needs toand help improve her group members’ workperformance.

(A)boycott
(B)duplicate
(C)retrieve
(D)supervise✓ 正解
112
28

We are oftenof the amount of salt we consume. Hence, we should check nutrition labels to see how muchsodium is in a product before purchasing it.

(A)independent
(B)fond
(C)deprived
(D)unaware✓ 正解
112
29

According to the report, the government is to increase spending next year in a bid to stimulate domestic demandand GDP growth as exports might continue to fall due to aglobal economy.

(A)booming
(B)sluggish✓ 正解
(C)buoyant
(D)thriving
112
30

As commodity prices have grownrecently, low-income families are struggling to put food on the table.

(A)exponentially✓ 正解
(B)numerously
(C)ostensibly
(D)vengefully
112
31

The high-tech company planned to _______ new program engineers who specialized in troubleshooting computersystems.

(A)recur
(B)recollect
(C)refund
(D)recruit✓ 正解
112
32

The team had a great season and made it to the playoffs;, they were ultimately defeated in the final game.

(A)hence
(B)likewise
(C)accordingly
(D)nevertheless✓ 正解
112
33

If you park next to the "No Parking" sign, you will get a ticket for a traffic.

(A)ventilation
(B)version
(C)victimization
(D)violation✓ 正解
112
34

Hisand outgoing personality had a positive effect on his ability to collaborate with his co-workers.

(A)extraverted✓ 正解
(B)inflexible
(C)obstinate
(D)refractory
112
35

The lawyer’sargument, with its logical reasoning and supporting evidence, convinced the jury of hisclient’s innocence.

(A)feeble
(B)ineffective
(C)persuasive✓ 正解
(D)unconvincing
112
36

The new smartphonea high-resolution camera that can capture great photographs even in low-lightconditions.

(A)overthrows
(B)abandons
(C)dismantles
(D)features✓ 正解
112
37

Nowadays, it is essential for salespeople to learn some problem-solvingto cope with difficult situationsthey will encounter in the workplace.

(A)facilities
(B)strategies✓ 正解
(C)reservations
(D)transformations
112
38

The young artist was determined tohis skills as a musician, practicing diligently every day.

(A)lace
(B)race
(C)hone✓ 正解
(D)zone
112
39

The newly-married couple found it hard to save money because they had to spend a largeof their budgeton food and rent.

(A)proportion✓ 正解
(B)proposal
(C)promotion
(D)progression
112
40

Theprobe caused the data to be corrupted, affecting the accuracy of the experiment’s results.

(A)efficient
(B)malfunctioning✓ 正解
(C)affluent
(D)outstanding請依下文回答第41 至第45 題:Wolf pack leadership has long been of great interest to many scientists. What makes a wolf decide to
112
41

out onits own and assert leadership of its pack? That question has long

112
42

scientists. Now, a new study shows that graywolves infected with the parasite Toxoplasma gondii are more likely to become top dogs than uninfected wolves. Thefinding forces us to think more broadly about what influences how animals act, says Kira Cassidy, a

112
43

biologist.Toxoplasma gondii is a single-celled parasite that infects at least one-third of the world’s human population at any giventime with the disease toxoplasmosis.

112
44

the infection is usually mild, it can be fatal to the young or immune-suppressed. It’s famous for its ability to

112
45

its hosts, most notably in making rodents reckless around housecats. Toxoplasma can only reproduce in the intestines of domestic or wild cats, yet it is widespread in nature, and caninfect any warm-blooded animal.41

(A)strike
(B)churn✓ 正解
(C)phase
(D)blurt42
(A)laminated
(B)intrigued✓ 正解
(C)paralleled
(D)traversed43
(A)marine
(B)nutritional✓ 正解
(C)wildlife
(D)forensic44
(A)While
(B)What✓ 正解
(C)Which
(D)How45
(A)transplant
(B)manipulate✓ 正解
(C)demobilize
(D)impoverish請依下文回答第46 至第50 題:Soon after ChatGPT debuted in 2022, researchers tested what the artificial intelligence (AI) chatbot would write afterit was asked questions peppered with conspiracy theories and false narratives. The results — in writings formatted asnews articles, essays and television scripts — were so troubling that the researchers minced no words in their criticismof the new technology. Researchers predict that generative technology like ChatGPT could make disinformation cheaperand easier to produce for an even larger number of conspiracy theorists and spreaders of disinformation. Personalized,real-time chatbots could share conspiracy theories in increasingly credible and persuasive ways, researchers say,smoothing out human errors like poor syntax and mistranslations and advancing beyond easily discoverable copy-pastejobs. And they say that no available mitigation tactics can effectively combat it.Predecessors to ChatGPT, which was created by the company OpenAI, have been used for years to pepper onlineforums and social media platforms with comments and spam. Microsoft had to halt activity from its Tay chatbot within24 hours of introducing it on Twitter in 2016 after trolls taught it to spew racist and xenophobic language. ChatGPT isfar more powerful and sophisticated. Supplied with questions loaded with disinformation, it can produce convincing,clean variations on the content within seconds, without disclosing its sources. Recently, Microsoft and OpenAI introduceda new Bing search engine and web browser that can use chatbot technology to plan vacations, translate texts or conductresearch.OpenAI researchers have long been nervous about chatbots falling into villainous hands. In a 2019 paper, they voicedtheir concern about their chatbot’s capabilities to lower costs of disinformation campaigns and aid in the malicious pursuitof monetary gains, particular political agendas, and/or desires to create chaos or confusion. OpenAI uses machines andhumans to monitor content that is fed into and produced by ChatGPT. The company relies on both its human AI trainersand feedback from users to identify and filter out toxic training data while teaching ChatGPT to produce better-informedresponses. OpenAI’s policies prohibit use of its technology to promote dishonesty, deceive or manipulate users or attemptto influence politics; the company offers a free moderation tool to handle content that promotes hate, self-harm, violenceor sex.
112
46

What is the main idea of this passage?

(A)ChatGPT should not be used by conspiracy theorists and fake news spreaders.
(B)ChatGPT developers believe their chatbot can help users discern misinformation.
(C)Newly developed chatbots like ChatGPT can produce well-formatted news articles.
(D)Misinformation is a serious problem with ChatGPT, which is hard to solve.✓ 正解
112
47

Which of the following statements is true about the Tay chatbot?

(A)It was removed from shelves on the first day in the market.✓ 正解
(B)It was an advanced chatbot developed by OpenAI.
(C)Microsoft debuted it in 2016 to compete with ChatGPT.
(D)It was a failure because it was slow in learning new content.
112
48

According to the passage, what could be the best use of ChatGPT?

(A)Screening out sensitive content that promotes hate, self-harm, violence or sex.
(B)Designing travel itineraries, designing studies, or writing TV scripts instantly.✓ 正解
(C)Recognizing malicious software and political materials when processing input data.
(D)Lowering costs of disinformation campaigns for politicians.
112
49

According to the passage, which of the following is NOT done by ChatGPT designers in order to reducedisinformation?

(A)Warning users that ChatGPT may sometimes respond with biased answers.
(B)Using humans and algorithms to check improper content generated by ChatGPT.
(C)Avoiding grammatical errors and wrong translations in the produced texts.✓ 正解
(D)Hiring human AI trainers to remove bad training materials from the database.
112
50

Which of the following best describes the purpose of this passage?

(A)To promote the use of ChatGPT as a new search engine.
(B)To explain how ChatGPT was developed by misinformation researchers.
(C)To raise alarms about newly developed AI chatbots like ChatGPT.✓ 正解
(D)To reduce readers’ worries about intelligent AI chatbots like ChatGPT.
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