法院書記官 108 年法學知識與英文考古題

依憲法及憲法增修條文規定，下列何者非屬立法院之職權？ (A)提出總統、副總統之罷免案 (B)對行政院院長提出不信任案 (C)依憲法規定提出緊急命令 (D)解決中央與地方間有關剩餘權分配之爭議

下列何者並非現行憲法對政府體制之規定？ (A)立法委員得對行政院院長提出不信任案 (B)行政院院長得提請總統解散國會 (C)副總統缺位時，由行政院院長擔任 (D)總統任命行政院院長無須立法院同意

依憲法增修條文之規定，下列何者不屬於經立法院提出後，須經中華民國自由地區選舉人投票複決或同意，始為通過之議案？ (A)憲法修正案 (B)領土變更案 (C)總統、副總統彈劾案 (D)總統、副總統罷免案

依憲法增修條文規定，下列何者為國家應優先編列之經費？ (A)高等教育之支出 (B)軍人退役後就養之支出 (C)社會救助之救濟性支出 (D)全民健康保險之支出

依憲法及憲法增修條文規定，關於總統職權之行使，下列何者毋須經行政院會議決議？ (A)宣布戒嚴 (B)任命內政部長 (C)發布緊急命令 (D)宣戰

國家依行政執行法，對於不履行金錢給付義務之債務人予以管收，係對何種基本權利之限制？ (A)遷徙自由 (B)人身自由 (C)訴訟權 (D)財產權

依憲法及憲法增修條文規定，有關行政院組織，下列敘述何者正確？ (A)行政院設有行政院會議，故行政院為合議制機關 (B)行政院之組織毋須適用法律保留原則 (C)國家機關之職權、設立程序及總員額，得以法律為準則性之規定 (D)憲法增修條文明文授權行政院得設二級獨立機關

依司法院釋字第414 號解釋意旨，商品標示涉及下列何種憲法上權利？ (A)言論自由 (B)隱私權 (C)智慧財產權 (D)健康權

憲法基本國策章有關國民經濟之規定，下列敘述何者正確？ (A)甲所有土地所蘊藏之煤礦，亦為甲所有 (B)憲法規定公用事業應以公營為原則 (C)憲法要求發達私人資本 (D)國家徵收土地增值稅，嚴重侵害人民財產權

關於訴訟權之保障內涵，下列敘述何者錯誤？ (A)受公平審判之權利 (B)依正當法律程序請求法院救濟 (C)接受法院三級三審審判之權利 (D)即時有效之司法救濟

依司法院大法官解釋，有關行政執行法上拘提管收之相關規定，下列敘述何者錯誤？ (A)管收係於一定期間內拘束人民身體自由於一定之處所，屬憲法第8 條第1 項所規定之拘禁 (B)管收與刑事程序之羈押，目的不同，故其所踐行之司法程序自無須與羈押完全相同 (C)行政執行法關於拘提、管收交由行政執行處執行之規定，違反憲法第8 條第1 項所定應由司法或警察機關為之的規定 (D)行政執行法之管收處分，目的係在貫徹公法上金錢給付義務之履行，尚非憲法所不許

依司法院大法官對集會遊行自由之解釋，下列敘述何者錯誤？ (A)國家對於集會遊行，負有保護其安全，使其得以順利進行之義務 (B)集會自由與言論自由，同屬表現自由之範疇，為實施民主政治最重要的基本人權 (C)基於維繫國家存續與安全之考量，針對以「主張共產主義或分裂國土」為訴求之集會、遊行，應不予許可或命其解散 (D)集會遊行法對於不遵從解散及制止命令之首謀者科以刑責，為立法自由形成範圍，與憲法尚無牴觸

依司法院大法官解釋：「自辦市地重劃由部分土地所有權人申請主管機關核定成立之籌備會發動，此將使重劃範圍內不同意參與重劃之土地所有權人，被迫參與自辦市地重劃程序」，涉及憲法何項基本權利之限制？ (A)財產權 (B)平等權 (C)生存權 (D)工作權

有關罷免之敘述，下列何者錯誤？ (A)罷免權屬人民參政權之一環 (B)人民有權對全國不分區立法委員行使罷免權 (C)人民得以立法委員之院內言論不當為理由，依法罷免之 (D)公職人員就職未滿1 年者，不得罷免

依司法院大法官解釋，關於商業言論，下列敘述何者錯誤？ (A)化粧品廣告之事前審查乃對言論自由之重大干預，原則上應為違憲 (B)菸品與酒類對人體健康皆有影響，立法者對其標示應為相同之規範 (C)菸品容器上應以中文標示所含尼古丁及焦油含量，乃菸品財產權所具有之社會義務 (D)商業言論所提供之訊息，應受憲法第11 條言論自由之保障

關於憲法明定之選舉人資格，下列敘述何者錯誤？ (A)須具備中華民國國籍 (B)以僅具中華民國國籍者為限 (C)須年滿20 歲 (D)得以法律進一步規範其他資格限制

依租稅法律主義，須明定於法律者，不包括下列何者？ (A)稅目 (B)租稅優惠減免 (C)納稅方法 (D)列舉扣除額證明方式

依憲法增修條文規定，下列敘述何者錯誤？ (A)總統為避免國家或人民遭遇緊急危難或應付財政經濟上重大變故，得經行政院會議之決議發布緊急命令 (B)總統發布緊急命令後10 日內應提交立法院追認 (C)總統於立法院通過對行政院院長之不信任案後10 日內，經諮詢行政院院長後，得宣告解散立法院 (D)副總統缺位時，總統應於3 個月內提名候選人，由立法院補選

依司法院大法官解釋，關於婚姻之保障，下列敘述何者錯誤？ (A)一夫一妻之婚姻受憲法所保障 (B)民法關於重婚無效之規定，就一般情形而言，並未對人民之婚姻自由造成違憲之限制 (C)國家遭遇重大變故，在夫妻隔離，相聚無期之情況下所發生之重婚，後婚姻應受憲法保障 (D)憲法保障性行為之自由，故刑法通姦罪違憲

有關行政院院長人事權的敘述，下列何者錯誤？ (A)行政院各部會首長及不管部會之政務委員，由行政院院長提請總統任命之 (B)行政院院長對所屬機關重要人事，應具有一定之決定權限，方能落實行政一體及責任政治之原則 (C)行政院院長更迭時，獨立機關委員因任期保障，毋庸與行政院院長同進退，有違責任政治之原則 (D)行政院院長於獨立機關委員有違法、失職情事，而情節重大，得依職權先行停止其職務

依司法院大法官解釋，下列何者並非憲法第22 條保障之基本權利？ (A)名譽權 (B)婚姻自由 (C)性行為自由 (D)政府資訊公開請求權

有關立法委員選舉方式，下列敘述何者錯誤？ (A)採「單一選區兩票制」，一票選人，一票選黨 (B)獲得百分之五以上政黨選舉票之政黨，依其得票比率分配席次 (C)依政黨選舉票產生之立法委員，各政黨當選名單，婦女不得低於二分之一 (D)原住民立法委員按各族人口比例分配席次

關於總統之刑事豁免權，下列敘述何者錯誤？ (A)總統在職期間犯內亂罪或外患罪時，仍得對之為刑事訴究 (B)憲法保障之刑事豁免權係屬實體之免責權 (C)刑事豁免權並不免除總統之行政或民事責任 (D)總統原則上不得拋棄其刑事豁免權

依憲法與司法院大法官解釋，下列關於預算之敘述，何者錯誤？ (A)預算之性質屬於「措施性法律」 (B)立法委員審議預算案時，可提議增加支出金額 (C)預算案之議決，須經立法院三讀通過 (D)法定預算之停止執行涉及重大政策變更時，行政院院長必須向立法院提出報告

依據憲法增修條文規定，下列何者非監察院之職權？ (A)彈劾權 (B)糾舉權 (C)審計權 (D)同意權

下列何者並非憲法第80 條所稱之法官？ (A)公務員懲戒委員會委員 (B)檢察官 (C)最高行政法院法官 (D)大法官

下列何者不是聲請大法官釋憲之主體？ (A)立法院 (B)臺北市市長 (C)人民 (D)地方法院法官

法官於審理案件時，對於應適用之法律，依其合理之確信，認為有牴觸憲法之疑義者，各級法院得以之為先決問題，裁定停止訴訟程序，聲請大法官解釋。此處所謂先決問題，係指下列何者？ (A)法院確信系爭法律違憲，且顯然影響案件之裁判結果 (B)法院確信系爭法律違憲，且可能影響案件之裁判結果 (C)法院合理懷疑系爭法律違憲，且可能影響案件之裁判結果 (D)法院懷疑系爭法律違憲，且顯然影響案件之裁判結果

有關司法院大法官解釋之效力，下列敘述何者錯誤？ (A)大法官解釋有拘束全國各機關之效力 (B)大法官依人民聲請所為之解釋，對聲請人據以聲請之案件，亦有效力 (C)大法官解釋有拘束全國人民之效力 (D)大法官解釋之效力，不得溯及既往

宣告法律是否牴觸憲法，係專屬下列那一機關之職掌？ (A)司法院大法官 (B)各級法院 (C)最高行政法院 (D)最高法院

下列何者並非依照憲法第170 條之程序所制定之法律？ (A)國立歷史博物館組織條例 (B)臺灣地區與大陸地區人民關係條例 (C)離島建設條例 (D)高雄市建築管理自治條例

行政機關於舉辦各類考試時，對於身心障礙者皆會延長考試時間。此正足以說明所謂的平等，係指下列何者？ (A)形式平等 (B)實質平等 (C)比例式平等 (D)機械式平等

總統為下列行為，何者須經行政院院長之副署？ (A)依法公布法律 (B)發布行政院院長之任免命令 (C)發布依憲法經立法院同意任命人員之任免命令 (D)發布解散立法院之命令

關於地方制度法中委辦規則之規定，下列敘述何者錯誤？ (A)地方政府為辦理上級機關委辦事項，得依其法定職權或基於法律、中央法規之授權，訂定委辦規則 (B)委辦規則應函報委辦機關核定後發布之 (C)委辦規則應於核定文送達各該地方行政機關30 日內發布 (D)委辦規則與憲法、法律、中央法令或該自治團體自治條例牴觸者，無效

下列何者不須經公開發行公司股東會之同意？ (A)公司發行限制權利新股給員工 (B)修正公司章程 (C)股東以對公司之貨幣債權繳納股款 (D)公司減資彌補虧損

無行為能力人以其法定代理人之住所為「住所」，該「住所」為： (A)意定住所 (B)選定住所 (C)法定住所 (D)視為住所

依司法院大法官解釋，關於規定請求權消滅時效之法規，下列敘述何者正確？ (A)應以憲法規定 (B)應以法律規定 (C)得以法律或法律授權之法規命令規定 (D)得以行政規則規定

刑法基本採取屬地主義，適用於中華民國領域內發生之犯罪行為，下列何者並非刑法所規定的中華民國領域內？ (A)從桃園出發飛往歐洲的長榮航空機內 (B)從智利前往太平洋捕魚高雄籍漁船內 (C)從高雄出發飛往桃園的日本航空機內 (D)從高雄出發停在杜拜的日本航空機內

屬於地區性、專門性、特殊性或臨時性事項之法律，其名稱通常為下列何者？ (A)法 (B)律 (C)條例 (D)通則

根據全民健康保險法第25 條規定，全民健康保險財務，由保險人至少每5 年精算一次；每次精算多少年？ (A)10 年 (B)15 年 (C)20 年 (D)25 年

依據地方制度法規定，地方立法機關得訂定： (A)自治規則 (B)自律規則 (C)委辦規則 (D)行政規則

依司法院大法官解釋，下列何者尚無違背憲法第7 條保障人民平等權之意旨？ (A)所得稅法關於薪資所得之計算，不許薪資所得者於該年度之必要費用超過法定扣除額時，得以列舉或其他方式減除必要費用 (B)所得稅法以扶養其他親屬或家屬須未滿20 歲或年滿60 歲始得減除免稅額之規定 (C)中醫特考規定，有一科零分或專業科目或特定科目成績未達規定者不予及格 (D)身心障礙者保護法規定，非本法所稱視覺障礙者，不得從事按摩業

行政命令經立法院各該委員會審查後，發現有違反、變更或牴觸法律者，或應以法律規定事項而以命令定之者，應提報院會，經議決後，結果如何？ (A)該行政命令失其效力 (B)由立法院公告廢止該行政命令 (C)由立法院通知原訂頒之機關更正或廢止該行政命令 (D)由立法院通知行政院予以函告無效

委任關係消滅之事由，係由當事人之一方發生者，於他方知其事由，或可得而知事由前，委任關係之效力如何？ (A)委任關係當然消滅 (B)委任關係推定存續 (C)委任關係視為存續 (D)委任關係消滅與否，依他方當事人之意思定之

關於推定之敘述，下列何者錯誤？ (A)推定乃對於某種事實之存在與否不明確時，依照一般常理加以推論認定之意 (B)推定乃法律對生活關係合理之規範，不問是否真實，對一定事實之存在，依據法律加以確定 (C)推定乃是依據法律規定所為之推論認定，若有不同之主張，允許提出反證推翻 (D)依據經驗法則判斷即屬於推定

被繼承人甲死亡後，遺留債務數筆，繼承人依民法第1156 條開具遺產清冊陳報法院。下述債權人何者無優先受償權？ (A)甲生前以其作為日常代步使用、價值200 萬元的進口汽車一輛，設定抵押權予乙，向乙借款100 萬元，尚未償還 (B)甲生前以土地一塊出典予丙，丙支付典價100 萬元予甲，並約定期限為12 年，甲死亡時，丙之典權期限已屆滿半年，但甲並未回贖典物 (C)甲生前以一只鑽錶出質予質權人丁，向丁融資100 萬元；甲死亡時，尚未清償100 萬元債務 (D)甲生前向戊承租辦公大樓一棟，租金每月200 萬元，押金2 個月；甲死亡時已遲付租金3 個月，但在大樓內留下價值200 萬元的電腦辦公設備

依司法院大法官解釋，下列何者違反法律明確性原則？ (A)教師法以「行為不檢有損師道，經有關機關查證屬實」為解聘、停聘或不續聘之構成要件 (B)社會秩序維護法規定，無正當理由，跟追他人，經勸阻不聽者，處新臺幣3000 元以下罰鍰或申誡 (C)檢肅流氓條例關於欺壓善良、品行惡劣、遊蕩無賴之規定 (D)刑法第235 條規定所稱「猥褻」之資訊、物品

甲、乙、丙共有L 地，三人為書面的分割協議，約定將L 地分割為L1、L2 及L3，由甲、乙、丙分別依序取得單獨所有權。下列敘述何者正確？ (A)該L 地分割協議屬於處分行為 (B)分割協議僅得為原物分割 (C)協議後，須再為分割，並經登記，始生物權變動之效力 (D)甲、乙、丙基於該協議即分別取得L1、L2、L3 之所有權

甲已喪偶，育有乙、丙、丁3 名子女，乙結婚時，甲贈與200 萬元，丙開設電腦公司時，甲贈與300 萬元，丁出國遊學時，甲贈與60 萬元旅費，甲死亡時，留下遺產400 萬元。丁可分得多少遺產？ (A)200 萬元 (B)240 萬元 (C)260 萬元 (D)300 萬元

依民法規定，下列關於利息之債之敘述，何者正確？ (A)遲延之債務，以金錢為標的者，債務人得請求遲延利息；對此利息，無須支付遲延利息 (B)讓與債權時，未支付之利息，視為其隨同原本移轉受讓人 (C)約定利率，超過週年百分之二十者，其約定無效 (D)已屆清償期之利息債權，因2 年間不行使而消滅 > 答案：?

下列法律行為或意思表示，何者不是無效？ (A)表意人無欲為其意思表示所拘束之意，而為意思表示，但其情形為相對人所明知 (B)表意人與相對人通謀而為之虛偽意思表示 (C)背於公共秩序或善良風俗之法律行為 (D)限制行為能力人未得法定代理人之允許，所訂立之契約

依性別工作平等法第15 條第1 項之規定，女性受僱者妊娠未滿二個月流產者，雇主應給予多長之產假？ (A)令其繼續工作 (B)使其停止工作，給予產假5 日 (C)使其停止工作，給予產假1 星期 (D)使其停止工作，給予產假10 日

甲、乙、丙三人平均共有之A 動產被丁不法侵奪，甲欲起訴丁請求返還。下列敘述何者正確？ (A)須以甲、乙、丙三人為共同原告 (B)須以甲、乙為共同原告，請求將A 返還予原告 (C)甲得單獨起訴，請求將A 返還予共有人全體 (D)須有過半數之共有人為共同原告

甲與乙結婚10 年之後，才發現乙是有婦之夫；甲婚後仍有豐厚之工作收入，但因此事飽受親友議論訕笑。下列有關甲可對乙主張之權利的敘述，何者錯誤？ (A)甲、乙的婚姻無效 (B)甲可對乙請求精神上損害賠償 (C)甲可對乙請求贍養費 (D)甲婚後存下的錢若比乙少，可對乙請求婚後財產分配

有關合夥與隱名合夥之敘述，下列何者錯誤？ (A)合夥有團體性，隱名合夥則無 (B)合夥人之出資得以信用或勞務為之，隱名合夥僅以財產為限 (C)合夥人僅由執行業務合夥人負出資義務，隱名合夥僅由隱名合夥人出資 (D)合夥事務，原則上由合夥人全體共同執行；隱名合夥之事務，原則上專由出名營業人執行

依著作權法之規定，下列何者不屬於「散布」之定義？ (A)將著作原件提供公眾出租 (B)將著作重製物提供公眾出借 (C)將著作原件放置於網路上提供公眾下載 (D)將著作重製物無償提供於公眾流通

甲到花蓮遊玩，在乙開設之商店購買當地名產A 物，帶回公司與同事丙分享，詎料二人食用A 物後均產生食物中毒現象，經查A 物為丁工廠所製作，之所以發生食物中毒，主要係因為丁工廠原料使用不當所致。下列敘述，何者正確？ (A)乙開設之商店為消費者，得向丁工廠請求損害賠償 (B)丙非消費者，因為A 物並非丙所交易購買 (C)甲為消費者，僅得向丁依消費者保護法規定請求損害賠償 (D)甲為消費者，得向企業經營者乙、丁依消費者保護法規定請求損害賠償

職業災害保險費率，分為行業別災害費率及上、下班災害費率二種，由中央主管機關擬訂，報請行政院核定，送請立法院查照。請問該等費率，每幾年調整一次？ (A)1 年 (B)2 年 (C)3 年 (D)5 年

下列關於勞工保險之給付，何項敘述錯誤？ (A)被保險人在保險有效期間發生傷病事故，於保險效力停止後1 年內，得請領任一傷病及其引起之疾病之傷病給付、失能給付、死亡給付或職業災害醫療給付 (B)被保險人退保後，經診斷確定於保險有效期間罹患職業病者，得請領職業災害保險失能給付 (C)同一種保險給付，不得因同一事故而重複請領 (D)領取保險給付之請求權，自得請領之日起，因5 年間不行使而消滅

甲於民國92 年9 月間涉犯連續竊盜罪嫌，民國96 年9 月始遭查獲，下列敘述何者正確？ (A)甲應構成竊盜罪連續犯 (B)甲之竊盜罪應為數罪，非科刑上一罪 (C)甲之行為應部分行為數罪併罰；部分行為視為連續犯 (D)得任由法官裁量本案為一罪或數罪

This company has been. It makes products ranging from aircraft engines to insurance, medicaltechnology and plastics.diversified (A)shortened (B)summoned (C)vaporized (D)

George emailed me and I replied. We began to, both of us were cautious at first.correspond (A) (B)commit (C)comply (D)compress

The mortgage market has been in thesince the financial crisis crippled the banking industry last year.excursion (A)celebrity (B)doldrums (C)incidence (D)

If I file a complaint against a doctor, will my identity be keptso that my name won’t be revealed?unambiguous (A) (B)unconscious (C)comprehensive (D)confidential

There was so muchin the streets that travel was slow.compression (A)combustion (B)congestion (C)confiscation (D)

Everyone is supposed to be equal but I’ve heard a great many men make unfavorable comments to embarrassorwomen.accommoda (A)te (B)subordinate (C)intimidate (D)eliminate

This coffee is too strong. Pleaseit by adding some water.digest (A)dilute (B)revise (C)pacify (D)

Pasteur attended a famous school in Paris and soonwith his research.lost sight of himself (A) (B)made a name for himself (C)caught up with himself (D)took advantage of himself

Using a(n)thermal ice storage system, the device keeps cool with the equivalent of 13,000 tons of ice.na (A)iveinnovative (B)retarded (C)overestimated (D)

The taxi driver was obviouslyby going through the red light, and caused an accident.buckled up (A) (B)in the wind (C)geared up (D)in rush

A recent study found that a positive attitude towards learning in early grades isto success.anxious (A)crucial (B)insecure (C)romantic (D)第37 題至第40 題為篇章結構題組，各題請依文意，從四個選項中選出最合適者，各題答案內容不重複：Is bedtime just a time for dreaming? Do our brains turn off for the night? What if I told you that scientists recentlydiscovered that our brains may be just as busy at night as they are during the day?

Tim doesn’t know English, so he has to rely on his wife toeverything for him while travelling inAmerica.transfer (A) (B)transform (C)translate (D)transport

Researchers at theUniversity of Rochester found that the brain may be busy cleaning house -- cleaning out harmful waste materials.As with many studies, the researchers turned to mice for help. They studied mice that had colored dye injectedinto their brains. They observed the mice brains as they slept and when they were awake. The researchers say they sawthat the brains of sleeping mice were hard at work. Dr. Maiken Nedergaard led the study.

My father had to work outside all night, and the whipping bitter wind made his hands red and.chapped (A) (B)spoiled (C)tainted (D)wrecked

It seems they havedaytime jobs. Later they “moonlight” at a nighttime job. “Moonlighting” is working a nighttime job in addition to aday job. And this study says that is what our brains seem to be doing – working an extra job at night without additionalpay for overtime. Whereas during sleep, they work very, very hard at removing all the waste that builds up when weare awake.“When we are awake, the brain cells are working very hard at processing all the information about oursurroundings. The researchers say that the waste material includes poisons, or toxins, responsible for brain disorderssuch as Alzheimer’s disease. It is not just beauty sleep. The brain needs us to sleep so it can get to work.

A majority of unemployed families depend for their survival on the financialthat was offered by thelocal government.shortage (A) (B)souvenir (C)subsidy (D)surcharge

This shrinking permits waste to be removed more effectively.Dr. Nedergaard says these toxins end up in the liver. There, they are broken down and then removed from thebody. “So our study suggests that we need to sleep because we have a macroscopic cleaning system that removes manyof the toxic waste products from the brain.”The brain’s cleaning system could only be studied with new imaging technologies. The test animal must be alivein order that this brain process may be seen as it happens. Dr. Nedergaard says the next step is to look for the processin human brains.

Even though Jason is complaining about his current job, he isto quit until he finds a new one.reluctant (A) (B)reverence (C)reminisce (D)reciprocal

The research may also one day lead to treatments to prevent or help fight neurologicaldisorders.37They also found that during sleep, the brain’s cells shrink, or become smaller. (A)While we sleep, our brains are doing much more than getting ready for the next (B)day.She said the results demonstrate just how important sleep is to health and fighting disease. (C)The brain expert says our brains perform two very different jobs. (D)38They also found that during sleep, the brain’s cells shrink, or become smaller. (A)While w (B)e sleep, our brains are doing much more than getting ready for the next day.She said the results demonstrate just how important sleep is to health and fighting disease. (C)The brain expert says our brains perform two very different jobs. (D)39They also found t (A)hat during sleep, the brain’s cells shrink, or become smaller.While we sleep, our brains are doing much more than getting ready for the next day. (B)She said the results demonstrate just how important sleep is to health and fighting disease. (C)The brain exp (D)ert says our brains perform two very different jobs.40They also found that during sleep, the brain’s cells shrink, or become smaller. (A)While we sleep, our brains are doing much more than getting ready for the next day. (B)She said the results demonstrate jus (C)t how important sleep is to health and fighting disease.The brain expert says our brains perform two very different jobs. (D)請依下文回答第41 題至第45 題：It is believed that the color choices you make reflect a deeper meaning about your personality traits. For example,introverts and extroverts are likely to choose different colors – blue and red respectively. The colors you choose towear might also say something about how you are feeling that day. Some days you may feel like wearing somethinglighter, something red, or something blue. These choices are often a reflection of how you are feeling at the moment.Additionally, wearing certain colors may cause you to react differently to certain situations.The research also shows there may be a link between car color and serious injuries as a result of car accidents.From a safe perspective, it is recommended to choose expansive color with bright colors rather than contractive colorwith dark colors. Cars in light colors make lighter and cleaner impression than those in other colors. The study inAustralia identified a clear statistically significant relationship between vehicle color and crash risk. Compared towhite vehicles, a number of colors, generally those lower on the visibility index, were associated with higher crashrisk. The association between vehicle color and crash risk was strongest during daylight hours. The analysis results alsosuggested that vehicle color has an association with crash severity with lower visibility colors having higher risks ofmore severe crashes, although environmental factors can also modify the relationship between vehicle color and crashrisk. Further work is required to quantify this.

Like human beings, stars have a full life cycle. Born out of interstellar clouds, stars go on to have calmandlives as adults, and then die quietly.steep (A) (B)stable (C)strange (D)staring請依下文回答第41 題至第45 題：More than 320 million metric tons of plastic are produced every year — and a disturbing amount ends up in theocean, with much of it

Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?Colors can expand your personality. (A)Colors c (B)an reveal your feeling.Colors can change your mood. (C)Colors can cause you to react differently. (D)

in places like the Great Pacific Garbage Patch.The Great Pacific Garbage Patch is a massive area measuring more than 1.6 million square kilometers.Researchers from the Ocean Cleanup foundation conducted a survey of plastic in the area, using planes to

Which of the following is considered as low on the visibility index?Expansive colors (A)Contractive colors (B)Light colors (C)Transparent (D)colors

fromthe sky and boats to trawl the water. They found that the amount of plastic there seemed to be increasing exponentiallyand that there could be 16 times as much as previously thought.There’s far too much plastic in the world’s oceans, and the problem continues to

Which of the following might be the safest vehicle color according to the study?black (A)red (B)silver (C)white (D)

. Every little bit ofplastic that gets tossed into the ocean or swept downstream out to sea either sinks or is picked up by currents. Much ofit is eventually carried into one of five massive ocean regions, where plastic can be so

According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?Vehicles with dark colors have higher crash risk during daylight hours. (A)Vehicles with ligh (B)t colors have higher crash risk during daylight hours.Vehicles with dark colors have lower crash risk during daylight hours. (C)Vehicles with light colors have more severe crashes during daylight hours. (D)

that areas havegarnered names like the Great Pacific Garbage Patch.There may be more than 16 times as much plastic in the patch than previous studies have

Which of the following correlative factors has NOT been proven to be significant?Vehicle color and environmental factors (A)Vehicle color and crash risk (B)Vehicle color and time of the day (C)Vehicle color and crash severity (D)請依下文回答第46 題至第50 題：One of the most dramatic features of the world is the cycle of day and night. Almost all species exhibit dailychanges in their behavior and/or physiology. These daily rhythms are not simply a response to the 24-hour changes inthe physical environment imposed by the earth turning on its axis but, instead, arise from a timekeeping system withinthe organism. This timekeeping system, or biological “clock,” allows the organism to anticipate and prepare for thechanges in the physical environment that are associated with day and night, thereby ensuring that the organism will “dothe right thing” at the right time of the day.The synchrony of an organism with both its external and internal environments is critical to the organism’swell-being and survival; a lack of synchrony between the organism and the external environment may lead to theindividual’s immediate demise. For example, if a nocturnal rodent were to venture from its burrow during broaddaylight, the rodent would be exceptionally easy prey for other animals. Similarly, a lack of synchrony within theinternal environment might lead to health problems in the individual, such as those associated with jet lag, shift work,and the accompanying sleep loss.The mechanisms underlying the biological timekeeping systems and the potential consequences of their failure areamong the issues addressed by researchers in the field of chronobiology. Although no single experiment serves as thedefining event from which to date the beginning of modern research in chronobiology, studies conducted in the 1950son circadian rhythmicity in fruit flies and in humans can be considered its foundation. The area of sleep research,which also is subsumed under the field of chronobiology, evolved somewhat independently, with the identification ofvarious sleep stages around the same time.

, according tothe researchers behind the study. An aerial view of the Great Pacific Garbage Patch might at first appear to be openwater. But inside there is debris from all over the world — debris that traps or is eaten by marine animals, filling uptheir bodies to the point of being fatal and tainting our food supply.41accumulating (A) (B)commuting (C)astonishing (D)communicating42preserve (A) (B)reserve (C)observe (D)conserve43put away (A) (B)build up (C)go down (D)take off44continued (A) (B)conducted (C)consumed (D)concentrated45affected (A) (B)adopted (C)estimated (D)eliminated請依下文回答第46 題至第50 題：Researchers at Vanderbilt University decided to find out how intelligent various animals are. To rightly compare brainpower in species, it isn’t enough to weigh brain tissue. You must take into account the brain relative to the organism’ssize. But this may fall short of evaluating actual intelligence.Neuroscientist Suzana Herculano-Houzel said, “I believe the absolute number of neurons an animal has determined therichness of their internal mental state and their ability to predict what is about to happen in their environment based onpast experience.” She and her colleagues found that meat eaters have about the same number of neurons as plant eaters.That means plant eaters need as much brain power to escape from predators as meat eaters need to catch them.How do cats and dogs measure up? Previous findings had cats ahead at 300 million neurons to dogs roughly 160million. In this latest study, however, dogs were on top, with 530 million neurons to cats 250 million. Just forcomparison, humans have around 16 billion such neurons. Even so, dogs were way above other meat eaters in the brainpower department.Having a bigger brain has a downside, researchers have found. “Meat eating is largely considered a problem-solver interms of energy,” Herculano-Houzel said, “but in retrospect, it is clear that meat eating animals must impose a delicatebalance between how much brain and body a species can afford.” This may be why you often see large predators likelions and bears dozing.

What is the best topic of this passage?The Foundation of Chronobiology. (A)The Feature of Life Cycle. (B)The Internal and External Environments. (C)The Overview of Biological Mechanism. (D)

Which of the following phrases is closest in meaning to the word “species”?Various food. (A) (B)Various eaters. (C)Various animals. (D)Various brain power.

What does the word “subsumed” mean in the last paragraph?Included (A)Reduced (B)Downsize (C)dUnderestimated (D)

What is the main idea of this passage?The ratio of the brain size relative to the body size of an animal is a good measure of intelligence. (A) (B)The number of neurons is an absolute measure of an animal’s intelligence, be it a plant eater or a meat eater. (C)The number of neurons reveals that plant eaters are generally smarter than meat eaters. (D)The ratio of the number of neurons relative to the size of an animal’s body can indicate how smart the animal is.

Which of the following is the result of an asynchrony of an organism with its internal environment?Daily leaf movements of a plant exposed to sunlight. (A)Nocturnal animals having a sound sleep during daylight. (B)People experiencing (C)difficulty falling asleep at night.People feeling (D)shocked when witnessing a car accident in the daytime.

According to the latest study, which of the following statements is true?Dogs are much smarter than most meat eaters, including cats. (A) (B)Cats have more neurons in their brain than other meat eaters, including dogs. (C)The number of a cat’s neurons can double that of a dog’s, and that makes cats better pets for humans. (D)Dogs are quite intelligent and they have as many neurons as humans do.

Which of the following is considered an external environment?An office (A)setting.A meditative activity. (B)A biological timekeeping system. (C)A desir (D)e to change one’s behavior.

According to the passage, why do plant eaters need to have strong brain power?To find sufficient food to maintain their brain power. (A) (B)To predict possible danger to prevent themselves from being eaten up. (C)To predict possible food sources to support their relatively larger body size. (D)To find safe places to rest to conserve their energy.

According to this passage, which of the following statements is true?Chronobiology (A)began with the studies on circadian rhythm in fruit flies and humans.All species simply respond to the cycle of day and night. (B)All species h (C)ave an internal clock that is crucial for their survival.Jet lag is a failure of a biological timekeeping mechanism. (D)

Which of the following statements can be inferred from this passage?Ca (A)ts are more intelligent than dogs. (B)Large size meat eating animals tend to sleep a lot. (C)Plant eating animals tend to have a larger brain size. (D)Dogs and cats are suggested to live on a vegetarian diet.