法院書記官 110 年法學知識與英文考古題

依憲法之規定，下列何者為判斷人民是否為中華民國國民之標準？ (A)種族 (B)戶籍 (C)國籍 (D)國家認同

下列何者為憲法增修條文所定之領土變更程序？ (A)經行政院會議決議，經立法院議決 (B)由立法院提出領土變更案，經公告半年，並於3 個月內投票複決通過後為之 (C)由立法院議決後為之 (D)依修憲程序為之

下列有關基本國策中社會安全的敘述，何者正確？ (A)國家對於具工作能力者，應予適當工作機會，故人民有向國家請求提供工作機會的權利 (B)社會補償制度，指的是對於經濟能力較差者，對於其所受的社會經濟待遇給予補償 (C)基本國策規定國家應該制定保護勞工法律，但保護勞工之內容與方法，立法者有形成自由而不受拘束 (D)國家為謀社會福利，應實施社會保險制度

依司法院釋字第790 號解釋，大法官宣告原毒品危害防制條例第12 條第2 項規定：「意圖供製造毒品之用，而栽種大麻者，處5 年以上有期徒刑，得併科新臺幣500 萬元以下罰金。」違憲，係違反下列何者？ (A)財產權及比例原則 (B)財產權及平等原則 (C)人身自由及比例原則 (D)人身自由及平等原則

SARS 期間有醫師未依規定回到院區集中強制隔離而遭裁罰，依據為當時傳染病防治法第37 條第1 項：「曾與傳染病病人接觸或疑似被傳染者，得由該管主管機關予以留驗；必要時，得令遷入指定之處所檢查，或施行預防接種等必要之處置。」大法官就此作成釋字第690 號解釋，關於此解釋之內容，下列敘述何者正確？ (A)「必要之處置」違反法律明確性原則 (B)強制隔離係為保護人民生命安全與身體健康，性質上與刑事逮捕拘禁不同，不適用憲法第8 條 (C)強制隔離雖剝奪人身自由，但係為保護重大公益目的所採取的合理必要手段 (D)強制隔離對人身自由影響重大，須經中立、公正之法院加以審查，方得實施

關於軍事審判之敘述，下列何者錯誤？ (A)冤獄賠償法制排除軍事審判案件之適用，屬立法者所為合理之差別待遇 (B)依現行軍事審判法規定，現役軍人非戰時犯罪由一般司法機關追訴及審理 (C)軍事審判程序之法律涉及軍人權利之限制時，亦應合乎比例原則之要求 (D)軍事審判官依憲法第80 條規定，仍須依法獨立行使審判職權

依司法院大法官解釋之意旨，下列敘述何者錯誤？ (A)祭祀公業條例維護傳統規約依循傳統宗族觀念以男系子孫（含養子）為派下員之約定，使女子不得為派下員，尚不違反性別平等 (B)民法未容許相同性別二人結婚，違反平等保護 (C)民法規定父母對於未成年子女權利之行使意思不一致時，由父行使，並不違反性別平等 (D)道路交通管理處罰條例禁止曾犯特定罪名者擔任計程車駕駛，其目的在保障乘客之人身安全，尚屬合憲

法律禁止公職人員及關係人與有關機關交易，違者罰交易行為金額3 倍，上述處罰規定係侵害人民何種權利？ (A)人身自由權 (B)平等權 (C)財產權 (D)訴訟權

依司法院釋字第749 號解釋意旨，對於乘客之安全有何風險時，國家始可廢止計程車執業登記？ (A)實質風險 (B)特別風險 (C)一般風險 (D)剩餘風險

依據司法院大法官解釋，關於特別公課，下列敘述何者錯誤？ (A)空氣污染防制費屬於特別公課 (B)徵收目的、對象及用途，原則上應以法律規定 (C)特別公課之運用，不得悖離徵收之目的 (D)特別公課性質上仍屬稅捐，全體國民均有繳納義務

依憲法增修條文之規定，下列關於覆議之敘述，何者正確？ (A)立法院必須在一定期間內議決，逾期未議決時，原決議有效 (B)覆議時，經全體立法委員二分之一以上維持原案，行政院院長應即接受該決議或辭職 (C)行政院得不經總統之核可，移請立法院覆議 (D)行政院得對於立法院決議之法律案、預算案、條約案提出覆議

依司法院大法官解釋，關於服兵役之義務，下列敘述何者錯誤？ (A)服兵役之義務僅限於男性，係基於男女生理上之差異所為區別對待，與憲法平等原則並無違背 (B)為確保服兵役義務之履行，立法者僅得採行募兵制，全面推動志願役 (C)服兵役之義務係為保護人民，防衛國家之安全所必需，並無違反人性尊嚴 (D)在國防軍事無妨礙時，以不影響兵員補充、不降低兵員素質、不違背兵役公平前提下，得實施替代役

關於立法權之敘述，下列何者錯誤？ (A)立法院制定公民投票法，使立法院自身得就重大政策之爭議，交由中央選舉委員會辦理公民投票，牴觸權力分立原則 (B)立法院基於民主正當性之立法責任，得制定或修正法律，乃立法形成之範圍及其固有權限 (C)民意代表行使選民賦予之職權須遵守與選民約定，任期屆滿，除有不能改選之正當理由外應即改選 (D)立法委員在開會時，有向行政院院長及行政院各部會首長質詢之權

憲法本文關於教育文化基本國策之規定，不包括下列何者？ (A)國民受教育之機會一律平等 (B)6 歲至12 歲之學齡兒童免納學費 (C)僅公立教育文化機關依法律受國家之監督 (D)已逾學齡未受教育之國民一律受補習教育

依憲法增修條文規定，立法委員35 人，未達下列何者之提案門檻？ (A)提議總統彈劾案 (B)提議憲法修正案 (C)提議總統罷免案 (D)提議領土變更案

依司法院釋字第791 號解釋，有關刑法通姦罪，下列敘述何者錯誤？ (A)以刑事制裁約束配偶雙方履行婚姻忠誠義務，目的正當 (B)性自主權為個人自主權之一環，受憲法第22 條保障 (C)立法對性自主權之限制是否符合平等原則，應受寬鬆審查 (D)國家以刑事追訴介入婚姻關係為干預個人之隱私

下列何者非屬憲法規定的選舉方法？ (A)普通選舉 (B)間接選舉 (C)平等選舉 (D)無記名投票

依現行規定，總統行使下列職權，何者須經行政院院長之副署？ (A)提名司法院院長 (B)提名考試委員 (C)解散立法院 (D)依法公布法律

依司法院大法官解釋，下列何種基本權利受憲法第22 條之保障？ (A)學術自由 (B)營業自由 (C)財產權 (D)性行為自由

關於行政院院長之任期，下列敘述何者正確？ (A)憲法並無明文規定 (B)憲法本文規定其任期與立法委員相同 (C)憲法增修條文明定其任期為4 年 (D)行政院院長任期事關重大，不得依據憲政慣例決定之

依憲法及增修條文規定，總統之權限不包括下列何者？ (A)主持行政院會議 (B)依法任免文武官員 (C)國家安全大政方針決定權 (D)發布緊急命令

關於憲法增修條文規定之覆議制度，下列敘述何者錯誤？ (A)行政院對於立法院決議之法律案、預算案及條約案，認為有窒礙難行時，得移請立法院覆議 (B)對於行政院向立法院提出之覆議案，立法院應於7 日內集會，並於開議後15 日內議決 (C)覆議案若經全體立法委員二分之一以上維持原案者，行政院院長即應接受該決議 (D)對於立法院就國家重大政策所為之決議，行政院院長得提出覆議

有關地方自治團體居民之權利，下列敘述何者正確？ (A)對於地方公職人員有依法創制之權 (B)對於地方公職人員有依法複決之權 (C)對於地方自治事項有依法選舉之權 (D)對於地方自治事項有依法創制之權

依司法院大法官解釋，立法院各種委員會依憲法第67 條第2 項規定邀請政府人員到會備詢，下列何者無應邀說明的義務？ (A)參謀總長 (B)政務委員 (C)主計長 (D)公平交易委員會委員

關於各級法院所設之庭長，下列敘述何者錯誤？ (A)庭長係為統一訴訟指揮程序所設之機制 (B)身分獨立性之保障對象不及於庭長 (C)令免兼庭長之人事行政行為對法官之俸給無不利影響 (D)關於庭長之遴選與任免，宜以法律定之

下列何者不適用法官身分及任期之保障規定？ (A)司法院大法官 (B)司法院秘書長 (C)懲戒法院法官 (D)民事法院法官

依憲法及增修條文規定，下列何者並非司法院大法官之職權？ (A)解釋憲法 (B)政黨違憲審查權 (C)審理總統、副總統彈劾案 (D)統一解釋最高法院各庭之歧異見解

有關司法院職權，下列敘述何者正確？ (A)公務員之懲戒，應經公務員懲戒委員會審議 (B)公務員之懲戒，應經公務人員保障暨培訓委員會審議 (C)公務員之懲戒，得向高等行政法院起訴 (D)公務員之懲戒，由懲戒法院審理

依憲法增修條文規定及司法院大法官解釋意旨，有關總統緊急命令權之敘述，下列何者正確？ (A)緊急命令因具有暫時替代或變更法律之效力，原則上可具體、明確授權執行機關訂定補充規定 (B)總統僅得於立法院休會時發布緊急命令 (C)緊急命令之發布，不受憲法第23 條法律保留原則之限制，惟仍應遵守比例原則 (D)立法院就緊急命令行使追認權時，如認部分內容不當，得為部分追認，或逕予變更其內容

於憲法及法律規範之框架下，地方自治團體享有自主組織權。下列敘述何者錯誤？ (A)攸關地方自治團體及其所營事業機構之組織事項，均應以自治條例定之 (B)法律規定得設置之職位，地方自治團體具有自主決定設置與否之權限，但仍應以組織自治條例為依據，始可進用 (C)縣議會置議長及副議長以及其選舉及罷免之投票方式，涉及議會自律事項，屬與縣議會組織及其運作有關之重要事項，應以自律規則定之，中央不得另以法律加以規範 (D)就憲法授權事項之立法，因涉及地方制度之政策形成，司法院應予尊重，原則上採寬鬆標準予以審查

下列有關「法律的制裁」之敘述，何者錯誤？ (A)法律的效果不限於制裁，但是制裁卻是相當重要的法律效果 (B)現代國家透過法律所要達成的政策目標種類日益增加，法律所規定的制裁種類亦越發紛雜多樣 (C)當國家課以制裁時，通常是以實施強制力的方式為之 (D)監護宣告，屬於民法上的制裁

依據中央法規標準法之規定，法規條文書寫體例格式中，不冠數字、空二字書寫者為下列何者？ (A)條 (B)項 (C)款 (D)目

下列何部法律之條文未曾遭司法院大法官宣告違憲？ (A)集會遊行法 (B)出版法 (C)違警罰法 (D)檢肅流氓條例

下列有關自治條例之敘述，何者錯誤？ (A)自治條例得規定罰鍰之處罰 (B)自治條例須經地方立法機關之通過 (C)自治條例罰鍰之處罰，最高以新臺幣20 萬元為限 (D)自治條例應分別冠以各該地方自治團體之名稱

99 年8 月4 日修正之公務人員退休法，增訂公務人員之婚姻關係於公務人員退休生效時已存續2 年以上，退休公務人員死亡後，其配偶始得起領月撫慰金，並自100 年1 月1 日起施行。公務人員甲於民國87 年與乙結婚，婚後1 年多，甲即退休。後甲於100 年3 月死亡。關於本案之法律適用，下列敘述何者正確？ (A)依中央法規標準法所規定之從新從優原則，應適用結婚時之舊法 (B)依後法優先於前法之原則，應適用修正後之新法 (C)依法律不溯及既往原則，應適用結婚時之舊法 (D)依不真正溯及既往原則，應適用修正後之新法

司法院釋字第615 號解釋所提及之「主管機關本於法定職權所為釋示」，應屬下列何種有權解釋？ (A)立法解釋 (B)行政解釋 (C)司法解釋 (D)學理解釋

依司法院大法官解釋，大法官於審查法律合憲性遇有立法程序之瑕疵時，應如何審查，下列敘述何者正確？ (A)法律既已公布生效，大法官不得介入審查 (B)大法官調查事實不受限制，一經發現有立法程序瑕疵時，即得宣告其為無效 (C)立法程序之瑕疵基於議事自律，立法院應自行認定並解決，但若有明顯重大瑕疵者，釋憲機關仍得宣告其為無效 (D)大法官僅得形式審查總統之公布與行政院院長之副署是否正確無誤

依行政程序法規定，關於明確性原則之敘述，下列何者正確？ (A)行政指導僅得以書面為之 (B)為求明確，若無裁量基準可供依循，行政機關即不得行使裁量權 (C)法規命令之規範對象應具體特定 (D)行政指導應明示指導之目的及內容

下列法律條文，何者非法律的擬制？ (A)二人以上同時遇難，不能證明其死亡之先後時，推定其為同時死亡 (B)電能、熱能及其他能量，關於本章之罪，以動產論 (C)胎兒以將來非死產者為限，關於其個人利益之保護，視為既已出生 (D)因條件成就而受利益之當事人，如以不正當行為促其條件之成就者，視為條件不成就

有關隱私權，下列敘述何者正確？ (A)隱私權為個人生存不可或缺之權利，受憲法第15 條之保障 (B)指紋乃重要之個人資訊，個人對其指紋資訊之自主控制，受資訊隱私權之保障 (C)存款人自願提供給銀行的存款資料，不受隱私權保障 (D)警察實施臨檢，屬對人或物之查驗、干預，僅影響人民之行動自由，不涉及隱私權

關於法律保留原則，下列敘述何者錯誤？ (A)並非所有政府行為均須法律保留 (B)並非一切自由權利均受憲法同等保障 (C)並非所有對人民權利之限制均須由法律規定 (D)法律授權主管機關訂定命令時，授權明確之程度必須完全一致

甲將A 動產出借予乙，乙擅自將A 出售予不知情的丙，並完成A 讓與合意及交付。依民法規定，下列敘述，何者錯誤？ (A)乙讓與A 為無權處分 (B)甲不得向乙主張所有物返還請求權 (C)甲不得向丙主張所有物返還請求權 (D)丙於甲承認後始取得A 的所有權

主管機關於裁量外國人申請歸化案件時，以國籍法所無之要件，認該外國人之本國與中華民國非友好國家而拒絕其歸化。此舉最可能構成下列何者？ (A)裁量濫用 (B)裁量萎縮至零 (C)計畫裁量 (D)行政保留

下列何者在刑法上應評價為「作為」？ (A)駕車見前有路人經過，卻不採任何防免措施，將路人輾斃 (B)行為人受退去之要求，仍留滯於他人住宅內 (C)母親不餵食嬰兒，令嬰兒餓死 (D)醫生開立無療效之維他命給病患服用，任其病情惡化致死

稅捐稽徵法與行政程序法均有關於「送達」之規定，則就稅捐文書之送達，此二部法律之適用關係如何？ (A)稅捐稽徵法屬特別法，依特別法優於普通法原則，應僅適用稅捐稽徵法 (B)行政程序法雖屬普通法，但其中關於送達之規定較為完整，應僅適用行政程序法 (C)稅捐稽徵法作為特別法而優先適用，於規範不足時補充適用行政程序法 (D)由行政機關視具體個案而決定應適用何法律

警察張三依法逮捕現行犯李四後，疏未將手銬銬好，致使李四趁機脫逃。下列敘述何者正確？ (A)張三的行為構成刑法第163 條公務員縱放脫逃罪，因張三係便利李四脫逃 (B)張三的行為構成刑法第163 條公務員縱放脫逃罪，因張三過失致李四脫逃 (C)張三的行為不構成刑法第163 條公務員縱放脫逃罪，因該罪不罰過失 (D)張三的行為不構成刑法第163 條公務員縱放脫逃罪，因李四非受羈押之人

關於我國股份有限公司之規定，下列敘述何者正確？ (A)公司得依章程規定不設董事會，置董事1 人或2 人 (B)非公開發行公司，不得採用董事候選人提名制度 (C)公開發行公司就董事選舉，可選擇不採用累積投票制 (D)公司股東會不得在董事任期中，無正當理由而決議解任董事

依我國著作權法規定，有關著作財產權的限制，下列敘述何者正確？ (A)為教學之必要，教師得將論文予以精簡摘要後，在上課講義內加以引用 (B)為強化學生英語能力，各級學校得將他人已公開發表之英語錄音著作上傳至數位教學平台供全校學生自習 (C)為非營利教育目的，大學教師得公開傳輸他人已公開發表之著作 (D)為學習所需，學生得完整錄製教師之上課口述內容，並將該錄音檔案無償分享給其他同學

關於勞工保險月投保薪資之敘述，下列何者正確？ (A)直接以被保險人之實際薪資數額作為投保薪資數額，向保險人申報 (B)按被保險人之月薪資總額，依投保薪資分級表之規定，向保險人申報投保薪資 (C)每月收入不固定者之投保薪資月薪資總額，以最近6 個月收入之平均為準 (D)申報新進員工加保，其月薪資總額尚未確定者，可暫不申報

A 公司想了解公司法對公司轉投資、借貸和保證之相關規定，請問下列敘述何者錯誤？ (A)公開發行公司為他公司有限責任股東，得經股東會特別決議通過，投資超過本公司實收股本百分之四十 (B)公司之資金得貸予有業務往來之其他公司 (C)公司負責人使公司違法為保證人時，應自負保證責任 (D)非公開發行公司負責人使公司轉投資其他股份有限公司超出本公司實收股本百分之四十，該法律行為無效

債務人甲恐債權人乙查封其財產，甲乃與丙偽作買賣，將財產讓與丙。下列敘述何者正確？ (A)甲丙間之債權行為有效，物權行為無效 (B)甲丙間之債權行為與物權行為效力未定 (C)甲丙間之債權行為無效，物權行為有效 (D)甲丙間之債權行為和物權行為均無效

下列有關性別工作平等法「育嬰留職停薪」規定之敘述，何者為正確？ (A)只要受僱者的子女未滿3 歲前，皆得申請育嬰留職停薪 (B)受僱者於育嬰留職停薪期間，原由雇主負擔之保險費，得遞延3 年繳納 (C)受僱者於育嬰留職停薪期滿後申請復職，雇主應回復受僱者申請育嬰留職停薪時之原有工作或相當原有工作之工作 (D)受僱者同時撫育子女2 人以上者，其育嬰留職停薪期間應合併計算，最長以最幼子女受撫育2 年為限

甲、乙夫妻的18 歲獨生子丙，就讀高中三年級，於放學途中毆打路人丁，致丁右手指骨折。依民法規定，下列敘述何者錯誤？ (A)丁得對丙請求全部賠償 (B)丁得請求財產上損害賠償 (C)丁得請求非財產上損害賠償 (D)丁對甲僅得請求三分之一的損害賠償

依家庭暴力防治法之規定，下列有幾項是直轄市、縣（市）主管機關得核發給家庭暴力被害人之補助： (A)緊急生活扶助費用 (B)全民健康保險給付範圍之醫療費用及身心治療、諮商與輔導費用 (C)訴訟費用及律師費用 (D)安置費用、房屋租金費用 ⑤子女教育、生活費用及兒童托育費用 (A)2 項 (B)3 項 (C)4 項 (D)5 項

依民法之規定，下列有關共有關係之敘述，何者正確？ (A)首期合會金，為會首與全體合會會員公同共有 (B)繼承人有數人時，在分割遺產前，各繼承人對於遺產全部為公同共有 (C)夫妻之財產及所得，合併為共同財產時，為夫妻分別共有之 (D)合夥人之出資與合夥之財產，各合夥人就出資之比例分別共有之

下列何者，與法律安定性原則無涉？ (A)法律禁止溯及既往原則 (B)法律明確性原則 (C)信賴保護原則 (D)措施性法律禁止原則

甲在某大學研究所考試中，事先竊取試題應考，使原本可能名落孫山的自己金榜題名。下列敘述何者正確？ (A)甲的行為不構成刑法第137 條的妨害考試罪，因為研究所入學考試非屬依考試法所舉行之考試 (B)甲的行為構成刑法第137 條的妨害考試罪，因為竊取試題屬詐術或非法之方法 (C)甲的行為不構成刑法第137 條的妨害考試罪，因為其行為不必然使考試發生不正確之結果 (D)甲的行為構成刑法第137 條的妨害考試罪，因為其行為已經使考試發生不正確之結果

甲與乙訂定婚約，除甲交付聘金外，並約定違約之一方應給付他方違約金新臺幣（以下同）100 萬元。未料乙於訂婚後，又另與丙訂定婚約。解除婚約後，甲不得向乙請求下列何種權利？ (A)返還聘金 (B)100 萬元違約金 (C)訂婚囍宴所支出費用的財產上損害賠償 (D)精神上損害賠償

依家庭暴力防治法之規定，有關民事保護令，下列敘述何者錯誤？ (A)保護令之聲請，原則上應以書面為之 (B)被害人得向法院聲請通常保護令、暫時保護令與緊急保護令 (C)法院於受理民事保護令之聲請後，得於審理終結前聽取社會福利機構之意見 (D)當被害人有受急迫危險時，檢察官或警察機關得以電信傳真之方式聲請緊急保護令

雇主甲與其勞工乙間為離職後競業禁止之約定，約定期間為3 年其效力如何？ (A)甲乙間約定之期間，縮短為2 年 (B)甲乙間約定之期間，第三年之合理補償，雇主須加倍發給 (C)甲乙間約定之期間，應由主管機關撤銷，另行約定 (D)因約定期間過長，該離職後競業禁止之約定無效

To make the contract more complete, the hockey stara clause that would guarantee him 50% of hissalary if an injury ended his career. (A)renounced (B)inserted (C)represented (D)structured

This is a conserative society that values an unquestioningof tradition and cultural norms.acceptance (A) (B)threat (C)dispute (D)diplomacy

The policethemselves as tourists, secretly videotaping visitors as they moved round the exhibitionsite. (A)consigned (B)harmonized (C)moderated (D)disguised

To avoid imitation from our competitors, our new products requireto both cover design and functions.alterations (A) (B)restorations (C)decorations (D)preparations

New satellite images of Antarctica just revealed a number of Emperor penguin colonies that scientists werenotof in their early research. (A)anxious (B)aware (C)afraid (D)acquired

The patient couldn’t but let out awhen the nurse moved his broken leg.groan (A) (B)grant (C)remendy (D)relief

In a democratic country, everyone isto the freedom of speech and expression. This right is protectedby the law. (A)empowered (B)enabled (C)endowed (D)entitled

Luckily, the historic building remainedafter the terrible earthquake.contact (A) (B)intent (C)contract (D)intact

After his heart attack, the doctor put him on a strict, and regular appointments are scheduled for furthercheckups. (A)decency (B)regimen (C)casualty (D)shipwreck

Abortion is an extremelyissue, for it involves ending the life of a baby in the mother’s womb.complicated (A) (B)graceful (C)pregnant (D)typical

When celebrating a new year, we often wish others happiness,, and good health. (A)resistance (B)prosperity (C)temptation (D)succession

Understanding theto health that flies pose is important to help prevent the transmission of dangerousdiseases and bacteria.insurance (A) (B)trend (C)expectations (D)threats

One benefit of working past the normal retirement age is the ability tocurrent standard of living byincreasing lifetime income. (A)maintain (B)mandate (C)manifest (D)manufacture

During the premiere’s visit, unemployed protestors, shutting down public transportation.went round the block (A) (B)spared no effort (C)took to the streets (D)held the ground

Sadly, their recent, truncated live shows bore no evidence of new material with which totheir success. (A)sustain (B)suppress (C)suspect (D)suspend

Traveling by the MRT in Taipei is quick and convenient, but the trains can be veryduring rush hours.crowned (A) (B)clowned (C)clouded (D)crowded

Patrick is such a good-natured person; he practicesfaithfully and is always more than ready to helpneedy people. (A)altruism (B)cynicism (C)euphemism (D)metabolism

My mother spent NT$ 10,000 on a cream product which claims to be able toeye wrinkles.occupy (A) (B)fertilize (C)refresh (D)diminish

At the roots of my hair asensation began and ran down the surface of my flesh, leaving me goose-fleshed and cold. (A)tingling (B)tempering (C)twittering (D)twinkling請依下文回答第41 題至第45 題With the advent of freezers, we’re able to preserve our food longer than before. But is there a differencebetween fresh and frozen produce

I need a reliable andsecretary, not a lazy, forgetful one like you!efficient (A) (B)considerable (C)fanatic (D)simultaneous

nutrition? Well, it highly depends on the circumstances. Most food youtake off the shelf in a grocery store

Max tends tothe degree of things. If he has a cold, he may say he is dying.e (A)xasperate (B)demonstrate (C)exaggerate (D)evaluate請依下文回答第42 題至第45 題：In Texas, people take chili seriously. So seriously that from May to November, hundreds of Texans devote theirweekends

under-ripe to avoid damage during travel time. This means it hasn’tyet reached its peak nutrition. Furthermore, the minute it is picked, its nutritional content begins to

giant pots of it in chili cookoffs. These contests are carefully organized in cities and towns throughoutthe state, each one

. Whenit finally appears on your dinner table days later, the food may lose up to 50 percent of its nutritional value. Frozenfoods,

that it sponsors the best one around.

, are picked when they’re ripe and frozen immediately.

other states have their own version of thecookoff, Texas sets the standards. The Chili Appreciation Society International in Dallas has established rules andregulations as well as a point system for determining the winners. There is even a newspaper, the Goat Gap Gazette inHouston, that is

the quick freeze process may affectsome of the vitamin content, it essentially locks most of the nutrients in place. Compared with the fresh producethat has been sitting around for days, there’s no doubt that frozen foods contain more nutrition.41 (A)instead of (B)in terms of (C)in place of (D)in spite of42 (A)was harvesting (B)has harvested (C)had harvested (D)has been harvested43 (A)descend (B)deflate (C)deprive (D)deteriorate44 (A)in the meantime (B)in some respects (C)on the other hand (D)for the time being45 (A)Although (B)Despite (C)However (D)Nonetheless請依下文回答第46 題至第50 題At the beginning of the 20th century, less than 1,000 colleges with 160,000 students existed in the US. Thenumber of colleges skyrocketed in waves, during the early and mid 20th century. State universities grew from smallinstitutions of fewer than 1,000 students to campuses with 40,000 more students, with networks of regionalcampuses around the state. In turn, regional campuses broke away and became separate universities.To handle the explosive growth of K–12 education, every state set up a network of teachers’colleges, beginningwith Massachusetts in the 1830s. After 1950, they became state colleges and then state universities with a broadcurriculum. Major new trends included the development of the junior colleges. They were usually set up by cityschool systems starting in the 1920s. By the 1960s they were renamed as “community colleges.”Junior colleges grew from 20 in number in 1909, to 170 in 1919. By 1922, 37 states had set up 70 juniorcolleges, enrolling about 150 students each. Meanwhile, another 137 were privately operated, with about 60 studentseach. Rapid expansion continued in the 1920s, with 440 junior colleges in 1930 enrolling about 70,000 students.The peak year for private institutions came in 1949, when there were 322 junior colleges in all; 180 were affiliatedwith churches, 108 were independent and non-profit, and 34 were private schools being run for-profit.Many factors contributed to rapid growth of community colleges. Students parents and businessmen wantednearby, low-cost schools to provide training for the growing white-collar labor force, as well as for more advancedtechnical jobs in the blue-collar sphere. Four-year colleges were also growing, albeit not as fast; however, many ofthem were located in rural or small-town areas away from the fast-growing metropolis. Community collegescontinue as open-enrollment, low-cost institutions with a strong component of vocational education, as well as alow-cost preparation for transfer students into four-year schools. They appeal to a poorer, older, less preparedelement.

for chili heads, the name given to those who are passionate about chili making. It publishes acomplete list of competitions in the United States and provides useful hints and bits of gossip for its subscribers.42for cooking (A) (B)into cooking (C)to cook (D)to cooking43boasted (A) (B)boasts (C)boasting (D)will boast44Whatever (A) (B)Before (C)After (D)Even though45inclusively (A) (B)exclusively (C)externally (D)internally請依下文回答第46 題至第50 題：A wet spring in Las Vegas has spawned hordes of grasshoppers so large that they are showing up on the weather radar.In viewing the radar, CNN meteorologist Allison Chinchar said it looked like there were two storms over the Vegas area:one in the north of the city (that was actual rain) and another right over Las Vegas. But the second one wasn’t moving asrain normally would, she said. “It looked as though it should be torrentially downpouring in Las Vegas,” said Chinchar.By changing the settings on the radar, meteorologists could see that the other “storm” was actually the massive hordesof grasshoppers that have settled over the city in recent days, Chinchar said. Las Vegas, like all of Nevada, has had almosttwice as much rain in 2019 than normal, Chinchar said. “It appears through history that when we have a wet winter orspring, these things build up often down below Laughlin and even into Arizona,” Jeff Knight, state entomologist, said.“We’ll have grasshopper migrations about this time of the year, and they’ll move northward.” Knight said the swarmsaren’t terribly unusual given the amount of rain the state has had this year. “We have records clear from the ’60s of ithappening, and I have seen it ... at least four or five times in my 30-plus years,” he said. “There are some special weatherconditions that trigger the migration.”

Which of the following statements is TRUE, according to the text above? (A)At the beginning, there were less than 1,000 colleges with 160,000 students existing in the US. (B)In the 1830s, state colleges and universities were set up to train teachers for the explosive growth of K–12education. (C)Junior colleges were usually set up by city school systems starting in the 1930s. (D)Community colleges were renamed from junior colleges as low-cost institutions with a strong componentof vocational education.

Which of the following is the topic of this passage?Las Vegas (A)’ grasshopper invasion is so big that you can see it on weather radar. (B)Grasshoppers lead to more rain in Las Vegas. (C)Las Vegas’ grasshoppers have started their migration earlier than usual. (D)Las Vegas’ deserts are soon disappearing due to vast amounts of rain.

Which of the following statements is true to the description about junior colleges? (A)Junior colleges grew from 1919 students to 70,000 in 1930. (B)In 1949, there were 180 private junior colleges affiliated with churches. (C)The rapid growth of community colleges is due to the demand for more non-profit independent institutions. (D)Teachers’ colleges are the community name for junior colleges.

What could have possibly caused the oversized grasshoppers?Meteor showers. (A) (B)Exposure to radar system. (C)Unusual amount of rain. (D)Change of sunlight.

Which is one of the factors that contributed to the rapid growth of community colleges in the United States? (A)It is a major new trend to include as many rural students as possible. (B)The purpose is to handle the explosive growth of K–12 education. (C)Parents and businessmen wanted nearby, low-cost schools in rural or small-town areas to provide trainingfor the growing white-collar labor force. (D)Many community colleges were located in the center of the fast-growing metropolis to provide moreadvanced technical jobs in the blue-collar sphere.

What do “these things” refer to in the passage?Storms. (A) (B)Deserts. (C)Meteors. (D)Grasshoppers.

Which of the following statistics is TRUE? (A)Before 1919, there were already more than 170 junior colleges. (B)In the 1920s, there were about 140 privately-operated junior colleges. (C)In 1949, there were totally 180 junior colleges with 108 independent non-profit. (D)The peak year for private community college expansion came at the year of 1922.

According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true about grasshoppers?They can be easily (A)seen on the radar system. (B)They often migrate to Arizona. (C)They like torrential downpouring. (D)The swarms of grasshoppers are a common scene in Arizona.

Which of the following statements is TRUE, according to the text above? (A)Community colleges enrollment is vocationally limited. (B)Four-year college growth was affected by the open-enrollment policy of junior colleges. (C)Community colleges provide low-cost preparation for transfer students into four-year institutions. (D)Community colleges continue to appeal to young, less prepared students.

Which of the following words could replace “hordes” in the first sentence?Eggs. (A) (B)Children. (C)Swarms. (D)States.