統計 109 年英文考古題

High blood pressure is a serious symptom of cardiovascularand can be the smoking gun behindstrokes, heart attacks, and more. (A)assortment (B)dysfunction (C)elasticity (D)distribution

Mostfoods are very high in sodium. If you’re eating something out of a can or a package, chancesare you’re not doing anything to help your blood pressure. (A)condensed (B)compressed (C)elevated (D)processed

A group of scientists recently created a system thatbrain waves into words by focusing on thephysical movements related to speech. (A)evacuates (B)postulates (C)stipulates (D)translates

As we sat over our drinks, hehis business, and by I expressed casually my surprise at him notearning more. (A)gloated (B)glorified (C)garnished (D)gesticulated

Our organization doesn’t support any political party and has rigorous safeguards in place at every levelto protect our. (A)neutrality (B)maturity (C)partiality (D)popularity

The directive aims to ensure that persons of a particular religion or belief, disability, age or sexualorientation do not suffer from. (A)immaturity (B)illiteracy (C)distraction (D)discrimination

Jenny tried toher parents about where she had been that evening, but her parents could smell thesmoke and beer on her. (A)provoke (B)deceive (C)engrave (D)inspire

Koalas are oftenidentified due to their appearance as a member of the bear family, but they arescientifically classified as a marsupial related to kangaroos. (A)appropriately (B)illegally (C)mistakenly (D)nominally

Our research on the elderly has shown that those who have dementia often appear to suffer a doubleofage and cognitive disability. (A)condolence (B)concentration (C)jeopardy (D)insulation

Aof scandals and revelations has collectively undermined the government over the past year. (A)transmission (B)concession (C)scenario (D)succession請依下文回答第11 題至第15 題Before the invention of the at-home refrigerator in 1913, it was rare to find a strawberry in the winter ora gala apple in the spring

it had been preserved. Jams, jellies, and preserves were developed byindustrious fruit eaters of days

as methods of keeping fruits fresh out of season. When the option tofreeze and refrigerate became available, fresh food that was in season in warmer climates could

a tripelsewhere for consumption, removing the need for old-time preservation techniques.

no longer anecessity, some older methods of storing foods became traditional delicacies. Fruit jams, jellies, andpreserves have

beyond becoming outdated and remained popular sweet spreads for breads,sandwiches, and many other foods.11 (A)once (B)or else (C)unless (D)since12 (A)past (B)passing (C)passed (D)to pass13 (A)maintain (B)reserve (C)cancel (D)survive14 (A)Despite (B)While (C)As (D)Even now15 (A)lasted (B)entertained (C)improved (D)qualified請依下文回答第16 題至第20 題Would you ever eat a plant whose genes were altered by scientists in a laboratory? You probablyalready have, for genetically modified organisms (GMOs), also known as genetically engineeredorganisms, are

in modern food supplies. The concept underlying genetic modification is not new.For centuries, farmers have used a method called selective breeding to produce more

crops. They dothis by choosing seeds from plants that appear to be particularly

to pests and cold or dry weather andplanting those seeds in place of weaker strains. Over time, the desirable strains come to dominate thegenetic

of the farmers’ crops. Not everyone is supportive of the technology, however. Critics pointto the fact that GM foods are simply too new to be embraced,

that there could exist long-term healthrisks that have yet to surface. For instance, consumers with allergies have had adverse reaction to the implantedgenes.16 (A)mastered (B)destroyed (C)widespread (D)compiled17 (A)perishable (B)fragile (C)mobile (D)resilient18 (A)resistant (B)susceptible (C)allergic (D)welcoming19 (A)homelands (B)restraints (C)defects (D)profiles20 (A)misleading (B)alleging (C)denouncing (D)excluding請依下文回答第21 題至第25 題Post-traumatic stress disorder is a malady of memory. Sufferers are often haunted by recurrent nightmares,distressing thoughts and flashbacks so intense in color, smell and sound that they feel as if they are reliving thetrauma. But what if these unbearable memories could be selectively erased? Sheena Josselyn, a professor ofphysiology and psychology, who studies how the brain encodes, stores and uses information, is intrigued bythe idea and has been investigating how to “silence” memories --make them temporarily inaccessible-- in mice.She thinks it’s possible that a variation of this technique could one day help treat post-traumatic stress disorderin humans.Studies with mice have found that although their brains contain billions of neurons, only a few arenecessary to form a fearful memory. Researchers working with mice began by teaching them to fear a tone:when it sounds, they feel a mild shock to their feet (not to hurt them, just to scare them). The next time themice hear the tone, they crouch and freeze, signaling fear. The researchers discovered that they could triggerthe memory of that fear even without presenting the tone. They did this by stimulating the small group of nervecells holding that memory through a technology called optogenetics. Using the same technology, they foundthey could also suppress the fearful memory. With optogenetics, scientists insert proteins into neurons to makethem sensitive to light. Depending on the type of protein and color of light used, these cells can then beactivated or deactivated by shining pulses of the light directly into the brain. If the light activates the cells, themice freeze as if they’ve just heard the tone. If the light deactivates the cells, the memory is suppressed. Whileoptogenetics is an invasive procedure and technologically not feasible with humans, Josselyn hopes that thegeneral principles learned from these studies could eventually help scientists create new drugs for treatingmemory disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder and Alzheimer’s.But should you erase a bad memory? Absolutely not, says Josselyn. She emphasizes that this futuretechnology should not be applied to everyday bad things, and that these discoveries need to go hand in handwith a real thinking about the ethics involved in potentially manipulating memories in people. Their use wouldonly be considered in extreme cases after all other treatment options have been explored. The goal is not tosanitize life or make people super happy, but rather to make everyone a functional person, capable of momentsof joy.

What would be the best title of this passage? (A)Possible Causes of Memory Loss. (B)Post-traumatic Stress Disorder. (C)Studies of Trauma in Humans. (D)Suppressing Fearful Memories.

What did researchers do to form a fearful memory of a tone in mice? (A)The researchers gave mice a mild shock when the tone sounded. (B)The researchers inserted proteins into the mice’s brains. (C)The mice were shown pulses of light when hearing the tone. (D)The scientists used different colors of light to activate the mice’s cells.

Which of the following is a reason that future technology should not be used to erase a bad memory inhumans? (A)Optogenetics is an invasive procedure. (B)Humans’ brains are different from mice’s. (C)Technology should not be used to manipulate memories in people. (D)Future technology is used to create moments of joy.

Which of the following statements would the author most likely agree to? (A)Optogenetics is a technology used in treating trauma in humans. (B)The use of optogenetics needs to take ethics into consideration. (C)Mice’s brains contain billions of neurons similar to those of humans. (D)The goal of treating memory disorders is to help people suppress fearful memories.

Which of the following statements can be inferred? (A)Discoveries of optogenetics might help scientists create new methods in the treatment of memorydisorders. (B)The technology of optogenetics can be used to treat post-traumatic stress disorder in humans. (C)It is possible to silence memories in humans after all treatment options have been explored. (D)With the technology of optogenetics, humans can easily seize moments of joy.