海巡行政 98 年法學知識與英文考古題

憲法第2 條規定：「中華民國之主權屬於國民全體」，係基於下列何原則而來？ (A)法治國原則 (B)共和國原則 (C)民主國原則 (D)聯邦國原則

下列何人之資格，須經考試院依法考選銓定之？ (A)國民小學老師 (B)律師 (C)考試院秘書長 (D)國立大學教授

依憲法規定，附著於土地之礦乃屬： (A)土地所有權人所有 (B)土地所有權人與地方政府所共有 (C)地方政府所有 (D)國家所有

依憲法增修條文之規定，憲法法庭應如何組成？ (A)由司法院大法官組成 (B)由司法院院長、最高法院院長、最高行政法院院長組成 (C)由司法院大法官、各級法院法官選出之法官代表組成 (D)由總統選出之學者專家、司法院大法官、各級法院法官選出之法官代表組成

依據司法院釋字第499 號解釋，修改憲法的主要界限在於： (A)國民大會作為複決修憲案之地位不得改變 (B)憲法條文中具有本質重要性者，不得聽任修改而變更 (C)立法院以絕對多數通過修憲案之門檻不得降低 (D)中央政府體制不得修改

下列何者與法律相同，須經立法院三讀通過？ (A)預算 (B)法規命令 (C)行政規則 (D)自治條例

下列有關我國憲法修改程序之敘述，何者正確？ (A)須由立法院提出憲法修正案，經中華民國自由地區選舉人投票複決，有效同意票過選舉人總額之半數，即通過之 (B)須經立法院立法委員四分之一之提議，二分之一之出席，及出席委員四分之三之決議，提出憲法修正案 (C)須經公民投票提出憲法修正案，並於公告半年後，經中華民國自由地區選舉人投票複決，有效同意票過選舉人總額之半數，即通過之 (D)須由總統提出憲法修正案，經中華民國自由地區選舉人投票複決，有效同意票過選舉人總額之半數，即通過之

依大法官第585 號解釋，立法院行使調查權，要求與調查事項相關人民陳述證言時，應經何者之同意？ (A)調查委員會 (B)司法及法制委員會 (C)立法院院會 (D)立法院院長

警察實施臨檢，並要求受臨檢人同行至警察局時，係限制人民何種基本權利？ (A)言論自由 (B)居住自由 (C)人身自由 (D)秘密通訊自由

下列何者屬於行政院職權範圍內之事項？ (A)緊急命令之發布 (B)審計權之行使 (C)公務人員考績之法制事項 (D)決算之提出

司法院釋字第380 號解釋闡明，學術自由就大學教育而言，應包括研究自由、教學自由及學習自由等事項，其中下列何者係學習自由之主體？ (A)大學生 (B)大學教師 (C)大學職員 (D)大學研究人員

下列何者不得提起總統、副總統當選無效之訴？ (A)選舉人 (B)檢察官 (C)候選人 (D)選舉機關

下列何種權利，我國憲法本文予以明文保障？ (A)環境權 (B)生存權 (C)隱私權 (D)知的權利

依憲法增修條文之規定，罷免總統、副總統之程序為何？ (A)由選舉人連署提出罷免案，交立法院複決之 (B)由選舉人連署提出罷免案，交選舉人投票決定之 (C)由立法院提出罷免案，交國民大會複決之 (D)由立法院提出罷免案，交選舉人投票決定之

已逾學齡而未受基本教育之國民，得請求補習教育，可歸屬於下列何種權利之保障？ (A)自由權 (B)受教育權 (C)國務請求權 (D)國家補償請求權

我國國家賠償訴訟，依國家賠償法之規定，在原則上係採取何種程序先行主義？ (A)訴願程序 (B)調解程序 (C)申訴程序 (D)協議程序

關於人民依法服兵役之義務，下列敘述何者錯誤？ (A)兵役法規定祇有男子有依法服兵役之義務，並未違反憲法第7 條平等原則 (B)兵役體位之判定行為屬於行政處分，得提起訴願、行政訴訟以為救濟 (C)後備軍人遷移居住處違反申報義務者，處以刑事罰之規定，與憲法有所牴觸 (D)免役、禁役、緩徵、緩召，應先經主管機關核定及複核之規定，並未限制人民爭訟之權利，與憲法並無牴觸

依公民投票法第3 條之規定，全國性公民投票之主管機關為： (A)總統府 (B)行政院 (C)立法院 (D)全國性公民投票審議委員會

下列何者不屬於司法院大法官解釋所闡釋之訴訟權保障之核心領域？ (A)建立三級三審制度 (B)人民訴請法院救濟之權利 (C)保障當事人有陳述說明之機會 (D)受公平審判之權利

所得稅法規定納稅義務人已繳納其應納稅款之情形下，仍依應納稅額固定之比例加徵滯報金，又無最高額之限制，顯已逾越下列何種原則？ (A)平等原則 (B)比例原則 (C)誠信原則 (D)法律保留原則

縣（市）長候選人之最低年齡為年滿幾歲？ (A)三十歲 (B)三十五歲 (C)四十歲 (D)沒有限制

依大法官解釋，菸害防制法規定，菸品所含之尼古丁及焦油含量，應以中文標示於菸品容器上，係限制何種憲法上之基本權利？ (A)表意自由 (B)遷徙自由 (C)訴訟權 (D)參政權

依據公職人員選舉罷免法規定，選舉區之劃分由： (A)行政院統一為之 (B)法律或各地方自治團體之自治條例為之 (C)中央或縣選舉委員會為之 (D)行政院、省政府及各地方自治團體政府為之

依地方制度法第82 條規定，下列地方首長因辭職、去職、死亡者之代理規定何者錯誤？ (A)直轄市長由行政院派員代理 (B)縣（市）長由內政部派員代理 (C)鄉（鎮、市）長由縣政府派員代理 (D)村（里）長由鄉（鎮、市、區）公所派員代理

下列何者不得提起總統選舉當選無效之訴訟？ (A)選舉罷免機關 (B)檢察官 (C)候選人 (D)立法委員

若台北市議會將針對市議員使用議會公物予以規範，應制定何種自治法規？ (A)自治條例 (B)自治規則 (C)自律規則 (D)委辦規則

有關司法獨立，下列敘述何者正確? (A)為確保司法獨立，法官為終身職，絕不得對法官免職，只能記過 (B)法官應依法審判，不應依行政函釋審判，故地方法院法官得逕行宣告行政函釋違憲 (C)司法院於地方法院庭長任期屆滿後，得令免兼庭長 (D)法官不得兼任任何行政職

在我國現行地方制度中，下列那一種地方組織，其廢止，毋庸經過修憲程序，即得為之？ (A)直轄市 (B)鄉（鎮、市） (C)省 (D)縣（市）

依憲法增修條文之規定，下列何者非屬考試院掌理之事項？ (A)公務人員任免之法制事項 (B)公務人員之懲戒 (C)公務人員考績之法制事項 (D)公務人員之退休

依我國憲法增修條文第4 條規定，中華民國領土，依其固有疆域，若欲提出領土變更案，至少須經立法委員多少比例之提議、出席及決議，始得提出？ (A)全體立法委員四分之一之提議，全體立法委員四分之三之出席，及出席委員四分之三之決議之 (B)全體立法委員三分之一之提議，全體立法委員四分之三之出席，及出席委員四分之三之決議之 (C)全體立法委員二分之一之提議，全體立法委員四分之三之出席，及出席委員四分之三之決議之 (D)全體立法委員四分之一之提議，全體立法委員三分之二之出席，及出席委員三分之二之決議之

性別工作平等法有關性騷擾防治的規定，下列何者並非雇主應負的責任？ (A)雇主應訂定性騷擾防治措施、申訴及懲戒辦法，並在公共場所公開揭示 (B)雇主於知悉性騷擾情事時，應採取有效之糾正及補救措施，否則應負賠償責任 (C)雇主若未能及時發現以及制止性騷擾行為，應負刑事之共犯責任 (D)雇主對於性騷擾行為所造成的損害應與行為人負連帶賠償責任

行政行為採取之方法所造成之損害不得與欲達成目的之利益顯失均衡，此乃下列那一項原則？ (A)平等原則 (B)比例原則 (C)合目的性 (D)誠信原則

下列有關地方制度法上「地方法規」之敘述，何者錯誤？ (A)自治條例應分別冠以各該地方自治團體之名稱，在直轄市稱直轄市法規，在縣（市）稱縣（市）規章 (B)直轄市、縣（市）、鄉（鎮、市）得就其自治事項或依法律及上級法規之授權，制定自治法規 (C)自治法規經地方立法機關通過，並由各該行政機關公布者，稱自治條例 (D)自治法規由地方行政機關訂定，並發布或下達者，稱行政規則

甲擅自將乙寄放之自行車以自己的名義出售給丙，並交付之，請問對甲丙之間的法律行為，下列敘述何者正確？ (A)甲丙間之債權行為及物權行為均無效 (B)甲丙間之債權行為有效，物權行為效力未定 (C)甲丙間之債權行為有效，物權行為無效 (D)甲丙間之債權行為及物權行為均效力未定

下列何者為我國全民健康保險之主管機關？ (A)國民健康局 (B)中央健康保險局 (C)行政院衛生署 (D)內政部

甲女為A 公司之女性業務員，因工作常需與客戶乙男接觸，乙男對甲女總是趁機會毛手毛腳，甲女不堪其擾，向A 公司投訴，A 公司置之不理，依據性別工作平等法，A 公司應負何責任？ (A)A 公司對甲女之損害有民事賠償責任 (B)A 公司對於乙男之性騷擾行為不負有責任 (C)A 公司對甲女之精神上損害不負責任 (D)A 公司僅有行政上之責任，沒有民事賠償責任

定型化契約條款如有疑義時，應如何解釋？ (A)有利於企業經營者的解釋 (B)有利於消費者的解釋 (C)有利於企業經營者與消費者的解釋 (D)依情況而定

一般公司行號之受僱勞工，其勞工保險之普通事故保險費負擔比例，下列何者錯誤？ (A)被保險人須負擔百分之二十 (B)投保單位負擔百分之七十 (C)在省，由中央政府補助百分之二十 (D)在直轄市，由直轄市政府補助百分之五

我國刑法第121 條和第122 條關於賄賂罪之規定，其劃分的根據為何？ (A)賄賂物品的價值高低 (B)對於職務行為之違背或不違背 (C)行為主體規定不同 (D)對於國家機關形象的影響程度

企業經營者未經邀約而在消費者之住居所或其他場所從事銷售，所為之買賣，謂之： (A)郵購買賣 (B)訪問買賣 (C)分期付款 (D)現物要約

下列何者非我國刑法規定之從刑？ (A)褫奪公權 (B)沒收 (C)罰金 (D)追徵

「甲希望射殺乙，但因技術不佳，射穿旁邊的名貴花瓶。」針對此一情況，以下的敘述何者正確？ (A)甲之行為成立殺人未遂與過失毀損，二罪併罰 (B)甲之行為僅成立殺人未遂 (C)甲的行為構成客體錯誤 (D)甲的行為涉及選擇故意

下列何者不是物權行為？ (A)拋棄 (B)買賣 (C)抵押權的設定 (D)所有權的移轉

下列何者非形成權？ (A)撤銷權 (B)選擇權 (C)解除權 (D)使用權

法規明定自公布日施行者，自公布之日起算至何時起發生效力？ (A)自公布當日 (B)次日零時 (C)算至第三日 (D)算至第七日

下列何者非絕對權？ (A)著作權 (B)債權 (C)抵押權 (D)漁業權

甲之親屬中，下列何者得主張甲遺產之特留分？ (A)甲之姪兒 (B)甲之兄弟 (C)甲之女婿 (D)甲之岳母

行政程序法規定受益行政處分之撤銷，機關給予相對人損失補償，此乃下列那一項原則的實踐？ (A)必要性原則 (B)明確性原則 (C)信賴保護原則 (D)利益衡平原則

「法規對於其他法規所規定之同一事項而為特別規定者，應優先適用之」稱之為何原則？ (A)法律保留原則 (B)新法優於舊法原則 (C)從一般到特殊原則 (D)特別法優於普通法原則

刑法第10 條第1 項規定：「稱以上、以下、以內者，俱連本數或本刑計算。」此一規定，在法律解釋方法上稱為： (A)文義解釋 (B)目的解釋 (C)立法解釋 (D)體系解釋

下列何者為動產？ (A)非臨時敷設的輕便軌道 (B)未與土地分離的果樹 (C)流動廁所 (D)廠房

依行政程序法第3 條第1 項之規定，下列何機關之行為不適用行政程序法之程序規定？ (A)監察院 (B)行政院 (C)國防部 (D)外交部

行政機關依職權撤銷授益之行政處分時，依行政程序法第117 條之規定，應注意那一項原則？ (A)比例原則 (B)信賴保護原則 (C)平等原則 (D)誠信原則

關於我國智慧財產權法制之發展，下列敘述何者正確？ (A)若我國被美國列為特別301 觀察名單，我國應立即修改智慧財產權相關法律 (B)我國智慧財產權相關法律常因應國際條約或世界貿易組織之協定而修改或增訂相關規定 (C)我國智慧財產權相關法律屬固有法，不必隨著國際條約而修改或增訂相關規定 (D)我國智慧財產權相關法律自民國初年制定後已確立基本原則及規範，鮮少修改

現代國家需要大量的委任立法，請問下列何者非大量委任立法的原因？ (A)行政活動日益專門，各種技術標準非立法機關所能處理 (B)立法過程過於冗長 (C)為了適應社會之機動 (D)為了使行政機關與立法機關可以相互制衡

須由立法院提案，並交付人民複決通過始得修訂的法規為： (A)國際條約 (B)自治條例 (C)法律 (D)憲法

民法第7 條規定：「胎兒以將來非死產者為限，關於其個人利益之保護，視為既已出生。」其中所使用的「視為」一詞，在法學方法論上，稱為： (A)法律續造 (B)擬制 (C)漏洞補充 (D)類推適用

甲未得乙之同意，即將乙所有之汽車讓與知情之丙，則： (A)丙當然取得所有權 (B)須乙承認，丙始能取得所有權 (C)因丙知情，故不論乙是否承認，丙皆無法取得所有權 (D)因丙知情，故甲丙為通謀意思表示無效，丙無法取得所有權

關於民法之繼受，下列敘述何者正確？ (A)我國民法主要係繼受俄國法及日本法 (B)我國民法主要係繼受德國法及瑞士法 (C)德國民法主要係繼受英國法及愛爾蘭法 (D)德國民法主要係繼受希臘法及西班牙法

總統依憲法規定，於民國97 年7 月1 日公布○○○○法，並宣示該法律自公布日起生效。請問該法律於何時對全體國民及各機關發生拘束力？ (A)97 年7 月1 日上午零時 (B)97 年7 月1 日下午五時 (C)97 年7 月3 日上午零時 (D)97 年7 月3 日下午五時第31 題至第34 題為題組When asked to name the most ferocious dinosaur, most people would immediately think of Tyrannosaurus rex,T-rex for short. The T-rex could reach a height of almost fifty feet in length and a weight of five tons. It is equippedwith eight-inch talons on its feet and a huge jaw lined with teeth as long and sharp as steak knives. 31Imagine the surprise, then, when scientists digging in eastern Utah in 1992 found a dinosaur that could wellhave been a match for T-rex fossilized in the rocky lands. 32 The Utahraptor was twenty feet long, smaller thanthe T-rex. However, it had twelve-inch hooked claws on each of its hind legs. While the T-rex had short, stubbyforelimbs, the Utahraptor had large, powerful arms equipped with ten-inch claws. With these, it could grasp itsprey. 33With such evenly matched assets, it is hard to imagine what would happen if the two dinosaurs met each other.However, a contest between the two powerful creatures never took place. 34 Even though scientists can onlyspeculate as to why that happened, it was fortunate for the other dinosaurs that such formidable predators did notexist at the same time.

To make the best use of your time, you have to list your goals in order of . (A)privation (B)privacy (C)priority (D)privilege

(A)With its sturdy back legs, the Utahraptor could probably outrun any other creature. (B)With such a dangerous build, the T-rex was thought to have been the most terrifying of all carnivorousdinosaurs. (C)This is because Utahraptors had been dead for fifty million years before the T-rex appeared. (D)Once a victim was caught, it would be slashed and smashed by the raptor’s claws on the hind feet.

Every act of abortion the death of a baby. (A)adapts to (B)intends to (C)relies on (D)results in

(A)Once a victim was caught, it would be slashed and smashed by the raptor’s claws on the hind feet. (B)With its sturdy back legs, the Utahraptor could probably outrun any other creature. (C)This is because all of the Utahraptors had been dead for fifty million years before the T-rex appeared. (D)The name of this equally terrifying and ferocious dinosaur is Utahraptor.

Just something when you forget your speech. (A)impress (B)imprison (C)improve (D)improvise

(A)However, it would be premature to say for sure what it was that brought the dinosaurs to extinction. (B)With its sturdy back legs, the Utahraptor could probably outrun any other creature. (C)The name of this equally terrifying and ferocious dinosaur is Utahraptor. (D)Once a victim was caught, it would be slashed and smashed by the raptor’s claws on the hind feet.

Neither Chinese nor American government is under any illusion that the trade imbalance between the two countrieswill soon be . (A)dignified (B)rectified (C)specified (D)verified

(A)This is because all of the Utahraptors had been dead for fifty million years before the T-rex appeared. (B)With such a dangerous build, the T-rex was thought to have been the most terrifying of all carnivorousdinosaurs. (C)However, it would be premature to say for sure what it was that brought the dinosaurs to extinction. (D)With its sturdy back legs, the Utahraptor could probably outrun any other creature.

Mary broke up with George mainly because she could not stand his language and rude behavior to herparents. (A)remorse (B)vainglorious (C)physical (D)vulgar

Apart from sheer size, India and China differ from neighboring “trading states” in another critical aspect: theirambition to be the regional superpower in South Asia and East Asia . (A)aggressively (B)individually (C)provincially (D)respectively

It is a of our time in the West that never have so many people been so relatively well off and never hassociety been more troubled. (A)maxim (B)credibility (C)ambiguity (D)paradox

You need to the document before signing it. (A)undermine (B)fabricate (C)peruse (D)execute

Although John Chinese for three years, he still doesn’t know how to speak the language. (A)has read (B)has studied (C)has understood (D)has comprehended

J. K. Rowling, auther of the popular Harry Potter series, exhibits control over her stories. (A)intrusive (B)inaccessible (C)impeccable (D)intrinsic

People will choose of these regimes they find suits them best. (A)whatever (B)whoever (C)wherever (D)whichever

In my family with Chinese tradition, only Daddy and the oldest brother were allowed individual . Daughterswere all expected to be of one standard. (A)contributions (B)controversies (C)idiosyncrasies (D)consistencies

I from the roller coaster rides and the wild water slides. (A)was exhausted (B)was exhausting (C)being exhausted (D)had been exhausted myself

A hairline at the forehead is a part of the male aging process. (A)conceding (B)interceding (C)proceeding (D)receding

Nikos Mitrelis’ list of chores is long: sweeping steps, hanging laundry, and bathroom. (A)scrubbed (B)scrubbing (C)scrub (D)scrubs

In America, “wellness” has become a huge industry especially to the prosperous discontent of thebaby-boomers. (A)proposing (B)catering (C)deferring (D)referring

According to governmental statistics, the percentage of credit card users in Taiwan is 46 higher now thantwo years ago. (A)which was (B)they were (C)there were (D)it was依下文回答第42 題至第46 題Sometimes the normal processes of cell growth, death, and regulation get completely deranged. Cells aretransformed and begin robbing their neighbors’ blood supply, like vampires. They defy normal limitations ongrowth, multiply unceasingly, and then invade space reserved for others. They refuse to die on schedule. These arecancer cells, and they are responsible for about two million new cases of various cancers that occur every year inthe United States, and over half a million deaths. One out of five people in industrialized countries will die ofcancer, most of them from tumors that originated in a lung, breast, prostate gland, colon, or rectum. And except fora few very clear instances such as lung cancer caused by smoking or exposure to certain chemicals and radiation,no one knows exactly why.Unlike smallpox or malaria, cancer is not a distinctive disease with a single cause. It arises from various kindsof mutations in a cell’s DNA. Some mutations occur naturally. In the course of an average human lifetime, billionsof trillions of cell divisions take place. Given this huge number of replications, mistakes are bound to happen. Theymay result in a disadvantageous change for the organism; some may even spawn cancers. More often, mutationsand cancers are prompted by external causes.

From a distance it is a postcard image; get closer to Mt. Fuji, however, you will notice that Japan’s iconic mountainhas a garbage problem, a stark contrast to a country known for its cleanliness. (A)Mt. Fuji maintains a beautiful postcard image and reinforces the clean image of Japan despite its garbageproblem. (B)Suffering from a garbage problem, Mt. Fuji is no longer an icon of Japan, a country as beautiful as a postcardimage. (C)Although Mt. Fuji is not as beautiful and clean as it appears from a distance, it still stands for the cleanliness ofJapan. (D)Though a symbol of the country known for its cleanliness, Mt. Fuji is actually not as clean as it appears from adistance.

Which of the following statements best characterizes cancer cells? (A)They are mostly found in human blood. (B)They can grow and proliferate continuously. (C)They can be transformed into vampires. (D)They can defy the process of mutations in a cell’s DNA.

It seems a very simple thing to tell the truth, but, beyond all questions, there is nothing half so easy as lying. (A)Though it may appear simple, telling the truth is not as difficult as telling lies. (B)Though it may appear simple, telling the truth is certainly far more difficult than telling lies. (C)Though it may appear difficult, telling the truth is definitely less questionable than telling lies. (D)Though it may appear easy, telling lies is believed by honest people to be the most difficult thing.

What does “deranged” in the first paragraph mean? (A)Uncontrollable (B)Undecided (C)Unidentified (D)Unnecessary

Try to improve or optimize one of these global financial crisis parameters and you end up paying somewhere elsealong the line. (A)Improving one or two of the global financial crisis parameters is very likely to create more crisis parameters inthe end. (B)The global financial crisis parameters are so intertwined that you can gain some here and lose some there. (C)To improve the global financial crisis parameters, you need to take care of them all at the same time instead ofone at a time. (D)You need to pay close attention to the global financial crisis parameters before you can even improve oroptimize one of them.

How many people in the United States may suffer from cancer every year? (A)Over half a million (B)One million (C)About two million (D)Over two and a half million

It is ironic that the very institutions carrying out the research that informs the public of global climate change areoften not terribly good at acting on their own understanding. (A)The fact that research institutions, which provide us with information on global climate change, are not reallygood at applying their knowledge in actual practice is satirical. (B)Global climate change is terrible and it is ironic that much research has been done by research institutions but thepublic has found little use of the research result in their everyday life. (C)It is terrible to see that research institutions, which conduct research on and inform the public about globalclimate change, often fail to do what they preach. (D)That institutions carrying out the research which informs people about global climate change do not recyclenatural resources in the research processes is ironically expected.

According to this article, which of the following statements is NOT true about cancer? (A)No one can be sure of the causes of cancer except for a few clear cases such as lung cancer. (B)Cancer can occur in various places of the human body. (C)Cancer may arise from the mistakes that occur in the process of cell divisions. (D)Cancer is rarely caused by external factors.

As luck would have it, there was typhoon on the day of graduation. (A)Fortunately, there was typhoon on the day of graduation. (B)Unfortunately, there was typhoon on the day of graduation. (C)I had good luck on the day of graduation. (D)I had bad luck on the day of graduation.第46 題至第50 題為題組Although the epoch of the crusades ignited a genuine economic and cultural revolution in western Europe, inthe Orient these holy wars led to long centuries of decadence and obscurantism. Assaulted from all quarters, theMuslim world turned in on itself. Henceforth modernism became alien. Should cultural and religious identity beaffirmed by rejecting this modernism, which the West symbolized? Or, on the contrary, should the road ofmodernization be embarked upon with resolution, thus risking loss of identity? Neither Iran, nor Turkey, nor theArab world has ever succeeded in resolving this dilemma. Even today we can observe a lurching alternationbetween phases of forced westernization and phases of extremist, strongly xenophobic traditionalism.The Arab world—simultaneously fascinated and terrified by these Franj [Franks], whom they encountered asbarbarians, but whom subsequently managed to dominate the earth—cannot bring itself to consider the crusades amere episode in the bygone past. It is often surprising to discover the extent to which the attitude of the Arabs (andof Muslims in general) towards the West is still influenced, even today, by events that supposedly ended someseven centuries ago.

What does this article suggest about diseases such as smallpox or malaria? (A)They are diseases caused by exposure to certain chemicals. (B)They are diseases caused by various kinds of mutations in a cell’s DNA. (C)They are diseases that cause many deaths in industrialized countries. (D)They are diseases with a distinctive cause.第47 題至第50 題為篇章結構，各題請依文意，從四個選項中選出最合適者，各題答案內容不重複In an early 19th-century best seller, a famous food writer offered a cure for obesity and chronic disease: alow-carbohydrate diet. The notion that what you eat shapes your medical fate has had a strong influence throughouthistory. 47 For many Americans, it is more a canon than a principle to suggest that what you eat affects yourhealth. Accordingly, they believe that you control your own destiny and that it is never too late to reinvent yourself.48 If not, you get healthy.That very American canon is what lies behind the criticism and disbelief that greeted a recent report that alow-fat diet might not prevent breast cancer, colon cancer, or heart disease, after all. 49 It raises importantquestions about how much even the most highly motivated people can change their eating habits and whether therelatively small changes that they can make really have an effect on health. The study, of nearly 49,000 womenwho were randomly assigned to follow a low-fat diet, found that the diet did not make a significant difference indevelopment of the two cancers or heart disease. 50 And when it comes to this urge, it is remarkable howhistory repeats itself. Over and over again, medical experts and self-styled medical experts have insisted that onediet or another can prevent disease, cure chronic illness, and ensure health and longevity. So, when the study’sresults were published in The Journal of the American Medical Association, the study investigators bracedthemselves for attacks.

The crusades had a negative impact on the Muslim world, and this idea is suggested by the word _____ in thepassage. (A)genuine (B)revolution (C)holy (D)decadence

(A)If you eat or drink or inhale the wrong things, you get sick. (B)And its appeal continues to this day, medical historians and researchers say. (C)The report was put together from a huge federal study called the Women’s Health Initiative. (D)The researchers also suggested, though indirectly, that low fat might make a difference in breast cancer.

What does the sentence “the Muslim world turned in on itself” suggest? (A)self-enclosure (B)submission (C)self-pity (D)inferiority

(A)If you eat or drink or inhale the wrong things, you get sick. (B)And its appeal continues to this day, medical historians and researchers say. (C)The usefulness of a healthy diet has become questionable. (D)The report was put together from a huge federal study called the Women’s Health Initiative.

According to the passage, the Muslim world has been caught in the dilemma between self-identity and _____. (A)obscurantism (B)westernization (C)alternation (D)traditionalism

(A)If you eat or drink or inhale the wrong things, you get sick. (B)And its appeal continues to this day, medical historians and researchers say. (C)The report was put together from a huge federal study called the Women’s Health Initiative. (D)The researchers also suggested, though indirectly, that low fat might make a difference in breast cancer.

What does the word “barbarians” in the second paragraph refer to? (A)Iranians. (B)Turks. (C)Arabians. (D)Franks.

(A)And its appeal continues to this day, medical historians and researchers say. (B)The report was put together from a huge federal study called the Women’s Health Initiative. (C)The researchers also suggested, though indirectly, that low fat might make a difference in breast cancer. (D)The study’s results frustrate our primal urge to control our destiny by controlling what we put in our mouths.

Which of the following words best describes the influence of the crusades on the Arab world? (A)Long-lasting. (B)Temporary. (C)Insignificant. (D)Transitional.