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土木工程·113·法學知識與英文1/50

土木工程 113法學知識與英文考古題

46 題選擇題4 題申論題資料來源:考選部下載 .txt
跨年同科91-115
11510011425011320011225011120011025010925010830010725010630010525010430010323110230010125010030099138981009750962509520094制度上該年沒有本科93制度上該年沒有本科92制度上該年沒有本科91制度上該年沒有本科
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題目與答案為考試當年公告版本,實務標準請以現行規範為準。

試題50
113
1

依司法院釋字第690 號解釋,傳染病防治法制上宜明確規範強制隔離之最長期限,決定處置之組織與程序,建立司法救濟與合理補償之機制。上述要求主要是基於下列何種憲法原則而來?

(A)明確性原則
(B)正當法律程序原則✓ 正解
(C)平等原則
(D)權力分立原則
113
2

憲法及其增修條文中關於「保險」之規定,不包括下列何者?

(A)國家應推行全民健康保險
(B)國家對於身心障礙者之保險與就醫,應予保障
(C)國家應獎勵私人保險制度,對於無力繳納保費者,應予以適當之扶助✓ 正解
(D)國家為謀社會福利,應實施社會保險制度
113
3

有關基本國策之效力,下列敘述何者錯誤?

(A)基本國策僅具有政策性質,無法成為檢驗國家行為合憲與否之審查依據✓ 正解
(B)基本國策不具公權利性質,人民無法依此而請求
(C)基本國策之規定,可作為法律限制人民基本權利之正當理由
(D)基本國策僅為國家施政之指標,不具法律拘束力
113
4

下列何者不在憲法第12 條秘密通訊自由保障之範圍內?

(A)書信內容不受政府機關檢閱之自由
(B)通話內容不受廉政機關竊聽之自由
(C)通訊內容不受犯罪調查機關扣押之自由
(D)包裹內容物不受海關X 光檢驗之自由✓ 正解
113
5

依司法院釋字第490 號解釋,有關兵役義務與人民宗教自由的關係,下列敘述何者錯誤?

(A)兵役義務本質上為戰鬥義務,故違反人性尊嚴✓ 正解
(B)人民服兵役的方式,由立法者決定
(C)兵役法之規定不包含促進或限制宗教的目的
(D)兵役義務為防衛國家安全所必須
113
6

依司法院釋字第732 號解釋,捷運設施毗鄰地區土地徵收案,報請徵收交通事業所必須者以外之毗鄰地區土地所依據之法律,違反下列何種原則,而與憲法保障人民財產權及居住自由之意旨有違?

(A)信賴保護原則
(B)平等原則
(C)比例原則✓ 正解
(D)法律明確性原則
113
7

關於憲法訴訟法施行後始送達之裁判,下列何者為人民得聲請憲法法庭判決之標的?

(A)裁判引用之先前案例
(B)裁判引用之最高法院民刑事庭庭長會議決議
(C)裁判引用之最高法院判例
(D)高等法院確定判決所持之法律見解✓ 正解
113
8

依憲法訴訟法規定,若地方議會制定之自治條例被行政院函告無效,應依據下列何種途徑提出釋憲聲請?

(A)憲法訴訟法第65 條第1 項的機關爭議
(B)憲法訴訟法第82 條第1 項的中央法規範憲法審查
(C)憲法訴訟法第47 條第1 項的法規範憲法審查
(D)憲法訴訟法第83 條第1 項的裁判憲法審查✓ 正解
113
9

總統曾於何種情況下發布緊急命令?

(A)2020 年COVID-19 在國內外大流行時
(B)2009 年八八風災後
(C)1999 年九二一大地震後✓ 正解
(D)2008 年金融海嘯時
113
10

依司法院釋字第745 號解釋,關於量能課稅原則,下列敘述何者錯誤?

(A)關於個人綜合所得淨額之計算,斟酌各類所得來源及性質之不同,分別制定成本及必要費用之減除、免稅額、扣除額等不同規定,乃屬立法者之形成自由
(B)各類所得之分類及差別待遇,因涉及國家財政收入之整體規畫及預估,可由代表民意之立法機關及擁有財政專業能力之相關行政機關決定,未必違反量能課稅原則
(C)所得課稅應以收入減除成本及必要費用後的客觀淨值,而非所得毛額,作為稅基,方符合量能課稅原則
(D)考量薪資所得者與執行業務所得者是否為自力營生之不同,立法者採取單一定額之薪資所得特別扣除額規定,符合量能課稅所要求的客觀淨值原則✓ 正解
113
11

依憲法訴訟法之規定,關於審查機關之組織,下列敘述何者錯誤?

(A)「憲法法庭」由15 名大法官組成
(B)「審查庭」由大法官3 人組成
(C)司法院院長為憲法法庭的「審判長」
(D)審查庭「審判長」由該審查庭成員輪流擔任✓ 正解
113
12

有關基本權之限制,下列敘述何者錯誤?

(A)法律保留原則之法律,不限國會法律,亦包括地方自治條例
(B)法律明確性原則,係指法律規定之意義應非難以理解,且為一般受規範者所得預見,並可經由司法審查加以確認
(C)比例原則之狹義比例原則,係指限制基本權利時,應選擇侵害最小之手段✓ 正解
(D)刑事處罰如有罪與罰不相當之情形,亦屬違反比例原則
113
13

依司法院大法官解釋,關於憲法第22 條保障之人格權,下列敘述何者正確?

(A)憲法保障原住民之個人與集體身分認同權✓ 正解
(B)政府主管機關對人民申請改名,不應有所限制
(C)少年法院得對經常逃學、逃家但未犯罪之虞犯少年,裁定逕施以司法矯治之感化教育
(D)子女獲知其血統來源,亦為憲法所保障之人格權,故親生父對受推定為他人之婚生子女得提起否認之訴
113
14

依憲法及增修條文之現行規定,關於行政院與立法院之關係,下列敘述何者正確?

(A)行政院院長由總統提名,並經立法院同意任命之
(B)立法委員得向行政院院長及行政院各部會首長質詢✓ 正解
(C)行政院之組織架構由行政院自行規範,不得以法律定之
(D)行政院對於立法院決議之法律案認有窒礙難行時,得自行移請立法院覆議
113
15

下列何種案件,憲法法庭係以具體事件或個案,而非法規範,為其審查標的?

(A)統一解釋法律及命令案件
(B)法院聲請案件
(C)立法委員聲請案件
(D)政黨違憲解散案件✓ 正解
113
16

有關刑法第123 條準受賄罪之見解,下列何者錯誤?

(A)仲裁人亦為本罪之行為主體
(B)準受賄罪中「預以職務上之行為」,係指違背職務之行為。不違背職務之行為,不構成準受賄罪✓ 正解
(C)要求賄賂之人成為公務員後,須履行約定之職務上行為,方構成本罪
(D)行為人收取賄賂或不正利益,須與將來之職務上行為具有對價關係
113
17

關於勞工出勤紀錄,下列敘述何者錯誤?

(A)雇主應置備勞工出勤紀錄,並保存5 年
(B)勞工向雇主申請其出勤紀錄副本或影本時,雇主不得拒絕
(C)出勤紀錄應逐日記載勞工出勤情形至小時為止✓ 正解
(D)出勤紀錄內記載之勞工出勤時間,推定勞工於該時間內經雇主同意而執行
113
18

關於促進性別平等之規範,下列何者不是我國憲法明文規定?

(A)各種選舉,應以法律規定婦女當選名額
(B)女性勞動者應予以特別之保護
(C)國家應保護母性,實施婦女兒童福利政策
(D)國家應保障女性在教育上享有與男性平等的權利✓ 正解
113
19

依憲法及司法院大法官解釋意旨,下列何機關得向立法院提出法律案?

(A)國家通訊傳播委員會
(B)中央選舉委員會
(C)中央銀行
(D)司法院✓ 正解
113
20

關於消費者保護法企業經營者之責任,下列敘述何者錯誤?

(A)從事生產商品之企業經營者應負無過失責任
(B)提供服務之企業經營者應負無過失責任
(C)從事經銷之企業經營者應負推定過失責任
(D)輸入商品之企業經營者應負推定過失責任✓ 正解
113
21

Everyone in the meeting was startled when they heard thissound of a chair falling on the floor.

(A)aboriginal
(B)abrupt✓ 正解
(C)abundant
(D)accessible
113
22

依憲法與原住民族基本法,下列敘述何者正確?

(A)人民依各縣市政府自治規則取得之土地使用權,政府得照價收租其使用權
(B)國家對於私人財富及私營事業,認為有妨害國計民生之平衡發展者,應以法律限制之✓ 正解
(C)政府應寬列預算並督促公用事業機構,積極改善原住民族地區之交通運輸、郵政、電信、水利、觀光及其他公共工程,並應在各部落設置原住民族地區建設基金;其基金之運用辦法,應以法律定之
(D)政府對原住民族傳統之生物多樣性知識及智慧創作,應予保護,並促進其發展;其相關事項,另以部落法庭決議之
113
23

有關臺灣法律發展之敘述,下列何者錯誤?

(A)在原住民自治時期,有原住民法
(B)在荷西統治時期,近代西方法即被引進臺灣✓ 正解
(C)傳統中國法隨著漢人移民進入臺灣
(D)日本殖民統治時期,近代西方法透過日本統治者被導入臺灣
113
24

依憲法訴訟法規定,下列何種類型之案件,判決應本於言詞辯論為之?

(A)總統、副總統彈劾案件✓ 正解
(B)機關爭議案件
(C)裁判憲法審查案件
(D)地方自治保障案件
113
25

下列何種行政規則,應依行政程序法規定登載於政府公報發布?

(A)高雄市政府及所屬各機關員工差勤管理要點
(B)臺北市政府編制對照表
(C)編訂機關檔案保存年限區分表
(D)稅務違章案件裁罰金額或倍數參考表✓ 正解
113
26

民法第222 條規定,故意或重大過失之責任,不得預先免除。依此規定,實務上認定非屬故意及重大過失責任即得預先免除。此種解釋係採取何種解釋方法?

(A)反面推論✓ 正解
(B)類推適用
(C)目的性限縮
(D)歷史解釋
113
27

稱合會者,謂由會首邀集二人以上為會員,互約交付會款及標取合會金之契約。下列關於合會之敘述,何者錯誤?

(A)法人不得為會員
(B)會首不得兼為同一合會之會員
(C)無行為能力人不得參加其法定代理人為會首之合會
(D)首期合會金應經投標,由得標會員取得✓ 正解
113
28

在疫情期間,某國立大學為了協助因疫情而陷入經濟困難的學生,公布紓困助學金辦法規定,學生家長如因疫情失業,可以申請補助。甲為該校學生,其父母雖未失業,但也因疫情而被迫放無薪假,致使經濟困難。甲生如申請該項紓困助學金,從法學方法的觀點來看,該校行政單位下列那一作為最為適當?

(A)採取反面推論,因無薪假不屬於規定允許提供紓困條件,故不發給甲助學金
(B)採取目的解釋,因給予甲助學金符合規範目的,故把無薪假解釋為一種失業
(C)採取目的性擴張,基於規範目的,超過文義範圍適用,讓助學金給予對象包含無薪假✓ 正解
(D)採取類推適用,因為無薪假不屬於失業,故不發給甲助學金,但提供甲其他經濟協助
113
29

甲、乙與丙共有A 地,應有部分各三分之一。關於A 地之使用,下列敘述何者錯誤?

(A)甲、乙與丙得共同約定,由甲使用A 地
(B)甲、乙與丙得依其應有部分,使用A 地✓ 正解
(C)除契約另有約定外,甲、乙與丙得以共有人過半數及其應有部分合計過半數之同意行之,決定如何管理A 地
(D)甲、乙與丙得共同約定,出租且交付A 地於他人使用
113
30

依民法規定,有關離婚之敘述,下列何者正確?

(A)離婚之種類分為兩願離婚與裁判離婚二種
(B)兩願離婚應以書面為之,並有二人以上證人之簽名,即能成立
(C)繼父母對繼子女為虐待,致不堪為共同生活者,為裁判離婚事由之一種✓ 正解
(D)夫妻裁判離婚者,對於其未成年子女權利義務之行使或負擔,應直接由法院依職權以子女最佳利益酌定之
113
31

Researchers should try to _____ in their own writings the sources of their data wherever necessary.

(A)decay
(B)grind
(C)quote✓ 正解
(D)tease
113
32

Ajustice system deals with cases of crimes committed by young defendants who are under the age of 18.

(A)judgmental
(B)juvenile✓ 正解
(C)latent
(D)lethal
113
33

The company’s new model of automobile batteries is _____ to its competitors in design and function.

(A)divorced
(B)pregnant
(C)superior✓ 正解
(D)volcanic
113
34

The Mediterranean diet is believed to promote heart health and _____ blood sugar levels.

(A)induce
(B)suspect
(C)deposit
(D)regulate✓ 正解
113
35

Environmental and _____ factors can both contribute to the development of cancer in humans.

(A)frequent
(B)genetic✓ 正解
(C)positive
(D)restful
113
36

His _____ and expertise in the field earned him a promotion to a leadership position.

(A)confrontation
(B)conflict
(C)conference
(D)competence✓ 正解
113
37

These two nations finally _____ to war after their negotiation failed.

(A)resisted
(B)refrained
(C)resorted✓ 正解
(D)retracted
113
38

This nice apartment which has a good _____ to the MRT station was sold at a very high price.

(A)decoration
(B)garden
(C)studio
(D)access✓ 正解
113
39

The strike was called to _____ better wages and working conditions for the employees.

(A)deceive
(B)demand✓ 正解
(C)deploy
(D)depart
113
40

To book a hotel room, you will need to make a 50% _____ in advance with your credit card.

(A)decision
(B)defense
(C)demand
(D)deposit請依下文回答第41 題至第45 題:A recent study from Brazil finds a connection between vegetarianism and mental health issues. The study,in which 14,216 people between 35 to 74 years old were surveyed, shows that individuals following vegetariandiets are more✓ 正解
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41

to depression. In fact, those who don’t eat meat are twice more likely to have a depressiveepisode than meat consumers.While there is evidence

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42

to a lack of meat consumption causing more mental health issues, there aresome conflicting studies that find no correlation between vegetarian diets and mood effects. According to thesestudies, it might be too straightforward to

113
43

that the former is causing the latter via nutritional deficiency. Ahealthy diet goes

113
44

, or indeed, of whathe actually stands accused. In following Josef K.’s struggle toward

113
45

not examined butare plausibly linked to both vegetarianism and depression. One thing for sure is that a balanced intake accompaniedby regular exercise is essential in maintaining physical and mental health.41

(A)attainable
(B)conceivable
(C)susceptible✓ 正解
(D)tangible42
(A)point
(B)points
(C)pointed✓ 正解
(D)pointing43
(A)assume
(B)perform
(C)execute✓ 正解
(D)transform44
(A)except for
(B)less than
(C)nothing but✓ 正解
(D)far beyond45
(A)propaganda
(B)formations
(C)variables✓ 正解
(D)brochures請依下文回答第46 題至第50 題:Most food staples are inexpensive, plant-based foods, usually full of calories for energy. There are more than 50,000edible plants in the world, but just 15 of them provide 90 percent of the world’s food energy intake. Rice, corn, and wheatmake up two-thirds of this. Food staples traditionally depend on what plants are native to a region.Rice is a food staple for more than 3.5 billion people around the world, particularly in Asia, Latin America, andparts of Africa. Rice has been cultivated in Asia for thousands of years. Scientists believe people first domesticated ricein India or Southeast Asia. Rice arrived in Japan in about 3,000 years ago. The Portuguese most likely introduced it intoSouth America in the 16th century. Today, the world’s largest rice producers are China, India, and Indonesia. Outside ofAsia, Brazil is the largest rice producer.Corn is native to Central America, where it was domesticated by the Aztecs and Mayans. The United States is theworld’s largest corn grower, producing more than 40 percent of the world’s corn. Corn is often used to produce corn oil,sweeteners such as corn syrup, and cornstarch, which is used as a sweetener and thickening agent in home cooking. Also,alcohol from fermented corn is the source of bourbon whiskey.Wheat was first domesticated in the Middle East. Wheat grows well in temperate climates, even those with a short growingseason. Today, China, India, the United States, Russia, and France are among the largest wheat producers in the world. Themajority of breads are made with wheat flour. Wheat flour is also used in pasta, pastries, crackers, breakfast cereals, and noodles.In addition to cereal grains, roots, and tubers are common food staples, particularly in tropical regions. Yams are animportant food in the rainforests of West Africa. Potatoes are native to the cold climate of the Andes Mountains. Theywere introduced to Europe by explorers of the 16th century and are now a food staple in Europe and parts of the Americas.
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46

According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?

(A)People first grew corn in Central America.
(B)Potatoes were first domesticated in Europe.✓ 正解
(C)Wheat was first cultivated in the Middle East.
(D)People in India or Southeast Asia grew rice first.
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47

According to the passage, which of the following best describes the role a food staple plays in human society?

(A)A product that is manufactured mainly for exportation.
(B)A town used as a center for the sale of commodities in bulk.
(C)A small piece of wire used to fasten sheets of paper together.
(D)A food that makes up the dominant part of a population’s diet.✓ 正解
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48

According to the passage, which of the following is NOT mentioned as a product made from corn?

(A)Corn oil.
(B)Liquor.
(C)Sweeteners.
(D)Breakfast cereals.✓ 正解
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49

Which of the following is closet in meaning to the word “temperate” in the passage?

(A)Mild.✓ 正解
(B)Dull.
(C)Harsh.
(D)Thrifty.
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50

Which of the following is most likely to be the source of this passage?

(A)A geographic magazine.✓ 正解
(B)An interior design brochure.
(C)An exhibition pamphlet.
(D)A product manual.
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