人事行政 104 年中華民國憲法與英文考古題

Visitors to the museum can learn about , physiology, and health by examining real human bodies thathave been medically preserved.anatomy (A)analogue (B)analogy (C)anarchy (D)

In the garden, soil preparation must aim to reduce, not increase, fertility. A rich soil soon becomes home to ______weeds which smother less competitive, more attractive plants. (A)ramming (B)compatible (C)comprehensive (D)rampant

Stacy was keeping the project , so it could be finished on time. Her supervisor was satisfied with theresult.on track (A)by default (B)from s (C)cratchin season (D)

Frida produced her first painting and ______ it to her school boyfriend. (A)dictated (B)dedicated (C)dwelled (D)domesticated

The new law prohibits insurance companies from discriminating against disabled children by denying themcoverage or charging them premiums.apprehensive (A)indeterminate (B)exorbitant (C)optimum (D)

An international group of forty scientists have made a very surprising ______ about the future. They say that inthe next fifty years we can upload our minds to the computer. (A)prediction (B)preoccupation (C)prevention (D)precept請依下文回答第4 題至第8 題What really makes people rich? Poor people often take in humble food and work with their hands orperform 4 labor, which keeps them in good health. Affordable clothes may look and feel just as goodas 5 expensive ones. On the contrary, rich people often sit at desks for long hours, eat at expensive restaurants,and indulge in exquisite 6 . More expensive clothes and shoes always await those who are never 7 andlove to compete. Are the rich really rich? Are the poor really poor? If you think of wealth in terms of health orhappiness, who is rich and who is poor is not 8 by money.

After refusing to the election result last night, the candidate issued a statement this morning demandinga recount.besiege (A)acknowledge (B)elevate (C)preside (D)

(A)manual (B)manifest (C)momentum (D)modification

Mary can only attend one of the sessions at the conference.concurrent (A)deliberate (B)perspective (C)reluctant (D)｜80610

(A)magnetically (B)overpriced (C)underestimated (D)efficiently

A powerful earthquake and a tsunami killed untold thousands on Japan's northeastern coast and leftmany more homeless.cumulative (A)devastating (B)nominal (C)terminal (D)

(A)delinquencies (B)policies (C)species (D)delicacies

With regards to curriculum vitae (CV) fraud, it was once reported that more than 50% of CVs carried while25% contained complete lies.embellishments (A)embezzlements (B)endearments (C)endowments (D)

(A)qualified (B)satisfied (C)anticipated (D)rejuvenated

The beauty of empowering others is that your own power is not in the process. On the contrary, youwill get even more powerful even though it is not what you want.advoca (A)teddiminished (B)exempted (C)mobilized (D)

(A)deleted (B)domesticated (C)distracted (D)determined30120、30620請依下文回答第9 題至第13 題Most people will admit that the relations between various ethnic and racial groups is a potential source ofproblems for a culturally diverse society such as the United States. Most 9 people will also agree that prejudiceplays an important role in the misunderstandings, intolerance, and even hostility that may develop and persist betweensuch groups. If our objective is to minimize these problems, one necessary step is to 10 the issue of prejudice.Research has clearly established that prejudice exists and 11 a person expressing a prejudiced view may beunaware that it is in fact biased. An interesting experiment, which is often 12 in educational textbooks, wasconducted in 1973 to determine the potential effects of prejudice on the judgements of future school-teachers. Theresearcher made videotapes of three children speaking to an adult. The camera angle was 13 that the children’sfaces were not visible; however, it was obvious from the tape that the children were speaking and that they wereracially different—one was white; one was African American; the third was Mexican American. A soundtrackcontaining exactly the same conversation in English with the same American voice was added to the tapes. Each tapewas played to one of three groups of student teachers. Their task was to judge the correctness of the speech of the childthey had seen on the videotape.

The downside of globalization advocated by multinational companies is their atrocious attempt to thepoor in developing countries.redeem (A)exploit (B)impeach (C)oscillate (D)

(A)emotional (B)rational (C)unstable (D)related

To reduce the number of stray animals on the streets, the government sent out a team to catch stray dogs and catsand them instead of killing them.compromise (A)forego (B)neuter (C)whistle (D)

(A)address (B)whitewash (C)bury (D)sabotage

The rise of the Internet has sped up the fashion life cycle by enabling people around the world to find out abouteven the most fashion trends as they emerge. (A)addictive (B)dynamic (C)obscure (D)permanent

(A)such (B)because (C)for (D)that

Although Elaine gave me very directions to her house, I still got lost.inexplicable (A)dispensable (B)explicit (C)exchangeable (D)

(A)hidden (B)cited (C)claimed (D)jilted

Search engines are good at matching words across websites but have struggled with nuance to answer questionsin everyday language.Matching words across websites makes it difficult for search engines to provide detailed answers. (A)Subtle differences among (B)daily usage make it difficult for search engines to provide answers to users.Although search engines can find answers, users may not know how to match the (C)exact wording acrosswebsites.Although worldwide users function in many languages, search engines can provide answers accu (D)rately in onlyone language.｜80610請依下文回答第14 題至第18 題Sustainability is the capacity to endure through renewal, maintenance, and sustenance, or nourishment. 14 ,durability refers to the capacity to endure through constant resistance to change. For humans in social systems orecosystems, sustainability is the long-term maintenance of responsibility, which has environmental, economic, andsocial dimensions. It encompasses the concept of stewardship, the responsible management of resource use. In ecology,sustainability describes how biological systems remain diverse, robust, and productive15, a necessaryprecondition for the well-being of humans and other organisms. Long-lived and healthy wetlands and forests are 16 ofsustainable biological systems. Robust, diverse, productive ecosystems and environments provide vital resources andprocesses, 17 "ecosystem services." There are two major ways of managing human impact on ecosystemservices. One approach is environmental management; this approach is based largely on information gained fromeducated professionals in earth science, environmental science, and conservation biology.18approach ismanagement of consumption of resources, which is based largely on information gained from educated professionals ineconomics. Both try to reduce negative human impact on the environment, though in different ways.

(A)so (B)such (C)in (D)of第14 題至第17 題為篇章結構，各題請依文意從四個選項中選出最合適者，答案選用不能重複There has been a great deal of research into the art of negotiation, and, in particular, into what makes a “good”negotiator. One point most researchers seem to agree on is that good negotiators try to create a harmonious atmosphereat the start of a negotiation. 14 . Therefore, there may be a willingness on both sides to make concessions. Goodnegotiators generally wish to reach an agreement which meets the interests of both sides in the long run. 15 .Instead of seeking immediate gains, it is more important to ensure that they do not harm their relationship with theother party. Skillful negotiators are flexible. They do not “lock themselves” into a position so that they will lose face ifthey have to compromise. 16 . For example, instead of insisting that they must get a large order only once, theyopt for small orders that may help develop long-term corporation with their partners. Successful negotiators do notwant a negotiation to break down. If problems arise, they suggest ways of resolving them. 17 . Instead of givingup right away, they keep the communication open, select a few arguments and repeat them. This suggests that tenacityis an important quality. Finally, when the deal is done, they confirm it and close it so that both sides feel satisfied.

Nevertheless (A)No doubt (B)In contrast (C)What (D)'s worse

(A)They make an effort to establish a good rapport with their counterparts. (B)The best negotiators are persuasive, articulate, and persistent on key areas. (C)They therefore tend to take a long-term view to ensure that the agreement will improve. (D)Next, they listen carefully and check frequently that everything has been understood by both parties.

in the (A)beginningonce upon a time (B)at once (C)over time (D)

(A)They make an effort to establish a good rapport with their counter-parts. (B)They therefore tend to take a long-term view to ensure that the agreement will improve. (C)Next, they listen carefully and check frequently that everything has been understood by both parties. (D)They have a range of objectives, which allow them to make concessions in view of their long term goal.

examples (A)origins (B)impacts (C)species (D)

(A)The best negotiators are persuasive, articulate, and persistent on key areas. (B)They have a range of objectives, which allow them to make concessions in view of their long term goal. (C)They therefore tend to take a long-term view to ensure that the agreement will improve. (D)Next, they listen carefully and check frequently that everything has been understood by both parties.30120、30620

incompatible with (A)known as (B)popular with (C)dictated (D)by

(A)They make an effort to establish a good rapport with their counter-parts. (B)The best negotiators are persuasive, articulate, and persistent on key areas. (C)Next, they listen carefully and check frequently that everything has been understood by both parties. (D)They have a range of objectives, which allow them to make concessions in view of their long term goal.請依下文回答第18 題至第20 題In 1988, a college dropout named Jonathan Stanley was convinced that government agents were chasing afterhim. For three days and nights he raced through streets and subway tunnels. After the police took him to a hospital, hefinally received effective treatment two years after getting a diagnosis of bipolar disorder. “My son’s life was saved,”his father, Ted Stanley, said. He then created a foundation to support psychiatric research. In July 2014, the StanleyFamily Foundation donated $650 million to Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, a research center to which he hadearlier donated $100 million. It comes at a time when research into mental illness is sputtering. The Broad Institutetimed its announcement of the donation to coincide with the release of the largest analysis ever on the genetics ofschizophrenia. The analysis identified more than 100 regions of DNA associated with the disease. Many contain genesinvolved in just a few biological functions, like pumping calcium into neurons that could help guide the search fortreatments. “For the first time, there’s a clear path forward,” said Eric Lander of the Broad Institute. When scientistsdiscovered psychiatric drugs like lithium in the mid-20th century, they did so mostly by accident. For years, theyhoped figuring out the action of the drugs would help them understand the causes of the diseases. But they came upempty. Some researchers argued that a better strategy would be to find the genes involved in psychiatric disorders.This approach would give them new molecular targets for drugs they could test. Recent research has found thatmutations in the very same gene can cause a wide range of brain disorders, including autism, schizophrenia, andepilepsy. “We have no idea at all about why that is, and the only way to find out is to do some hard biology – to findout not only which genes matter, but what about them matters,” Dr. Goldstein said. The new study found that manyrisk variants clustered around specific body functions, like the immune system and calcium transmission in brain cells.To understand their underlying biology, Broad researchers plan to grow neurons with mutations in the genes they havefound, to see how they differ from normal cells. They will engineer mutated mice to see how their brains are affected.These studies will be expensive, which is where the Stanley Family Foundation comes in.

One (A)Each (B)The other (C)That (D)請依下文回答第19 題至第22 題The story of communication is an important part of world history. In prehistoric times, for example, people didnot have books. They did not know much about geography. 19 . They knew only about themselves and theirenvironment (the land around their homes). Their knowledge of geographical things like mountains and rivers waslimited. They did not travel very far. Sometimes they knew about nearby people and communicated with them. 20 .Early types of signals for communication included smoke from fires and the sounds of drums. Then people formedtowns, and then cities, as safe places to live. Soon they began to develop other ways to communicate, to spreadinformation. People began to buy and sell things to one another. Because of their business, they developed writingsystems to keep records and to send messages. Life was changing for many people. 21 , and so did the inventionof the printing press. Many more people learned to read then. 22 . People sent letters and news by horse andcarriage. Later the mail went by train, by boat, and then by airplane. World communication became a possibility.

According to the passage, why did Mr. Ted Stanley want to support psychiatric research? (A)His son received effective treatment and recovered. (B)He feared that he would have psychiatric disorder. (C)His son had a nonfunctioning brain for the rest of his life. (D)He feared that there was a government conspiracy involved.

People created signals for communication (A)People were limited in many ways (B)Peop (C)le used birds to send messagesPeople live in their horse carriages (D)

According to the passage, what of the following is a better strategy to treat psychiatric diseases? (A)To find the real signals. (B)To find the way to pump calcium into the neurons. (C)To find the specific body functions. (D)To find the genes involved in psychiatric disorders.

They sent messages in simple ways (A)They knew a lot about geography (B)For example, they lacked printed materials (C)Mountains and rivers are geographical features (D)

According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true? (A)The donation coincides with the release of the largest analysis ever on the genetics of schizophrenia. (B)The Stanley Family Foundation donated to Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard for just one time. (C)The analysis identified more than 100 regions of DNA associated with schizophrenia. (D)When scientists discovered psychiatric drugs like lithium in the mid-20th century, they did so mostly by accident.30120、30620請依下文回答第21 題至第25 題When it comes to construction, builders, even in these technologically advanced times, are often left with threemain materials—concrete, steel, and bricks. But some innovative designers are increasingly looking to reuse anunlikely material that the world has in abundance—plastic bottles. Would you live in a bottle building? Before youanswer, have a look at the many advantages these structures have.First and foremost, bottle buildings are low-cost—just think about how little a plastic bottle costs, and you’ll getthe idea. They are also quite strong and sturdy, as they can bear a heavy load and may resist earthquakes. Bottles alsoallow natural light into the structure, reducing energy consumption while creating a warm, inviting interior atmosphere.In Taiwan, where just four percent of plastic bottles are recycled each year, the EcoARK building was built inTaipei using an astonishing 1.5 million plastic bottles. This building was used as an exhibition hall during the 2010Taipei International Flora Expo, and served as a reminder that, as Taiwan goes through 2.4 billion plastic bottlesannually, we must find a way to recycle or reuse them before they present a huge environmental problem.In the city of San Pablo in the Philippines, dozens of volunteers built a school from plastic bottles filled withliquefied adobe. This could be the start of a new trend in which plastic bottles become the new environmentallyfriendly material of choice for buildings of the future.

Business caused changes (A) (B)Life became convenientTravelling caused casualties (C)Relations became closer (D)｜80610

What is the literal meaning of the underlined idiom in the first paragraph? (A)to expect or hope (B)to examine or inspect (C)to classify (D)to act or respond quickly

As a matter of fact, it is the best way to sell and buy things (A)It is, however, the easiest way to communicate with friends (B)Suddenly communication and knowledge improved greatl (C)yFortunately, many people were happy to help (D)請依下文回答第23 題至第25 題The Mexican painter Frida Kahlo (1907-1954) lived a life of extraordinary suffering. She caught a disease calledpolio when she was six. She was nearly killed in a bus accident when she was eighteen. The bus accident left her withlong-lasting injuries that caused her great pain for the rest of her life. Because of these injuries, she suffered amiscarriage when she was twenty-five.Many critics have pointed out that the pain in Kahlo's body has affected her paintings. Although she was anactive, energetic, vibrant woman, the excruciating pain often separated her from other people and made her feel alone.However, Kahlo also lived a life of passion. She played sports in school, wore colorful clothes, danced, studied and fellin love. She was very proud of being Mexican and was politically active. These characteristics have been representedin her paintings. She used bold colors, including lots of reds; she used Mexican imagery, such as monkeys and parrots.Frida Kahlo took her pain, combined it with her strong spirit, and turned it into art. Her paintings may makeviewers uncomfortable with their honesty, but Kahlo was not the type of person to hold back. If she could suffer andgrow, her paintings could most likely make viewers feel and grow as well.

What is the main message of the EcoARK building? (A)Plastic bottles are the best construction material. (B)Some common household items can be effectively reused. (C)People in Taiwan should buy only metal cans from convenience stores. (D)Although they are quite expensive, plastic buildings can be beautiful.

According to the passage, how did Frida Kahlo's pain affect her life?It made her a pathetic painter. (A)It completely destroyed her career. (B)It made her scream like monkeys. (C)It isolated her (D)from other people.

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a reason for using plastic bottles for construction? (A)They allow more natural light into buildings. (B)They are inexpensive compared to other materials. (C)They can be recycled annually. (D)They do not get damaged easily during natural disasters.

What does the last sentence imply?Viewers could combine pain with (A)passion in their lives.Viewers found it difficult to interpret her paintings. (B)As Kahlo transformed her pain into powerful art, viewers could also (C)be transformed.As much as Kahlo's paintings (D)were affected by her pain, viewers could not feel her pain.

What does the Philippine example suggest? (A)It will likely cause nations in Asia to outlaw plastic bottle buildings. (B)It should have a major effect on construction projects for corporations. (C)It will probably cause other nations to consider building more schools. (D)It may make bottles the top material for environmentally friendly buildings.

What is this passage mainly about?Exploring the (A)psychological factors of an artistIntroducing (B)Frida Kahlo, whose paintings have not been much appreciatedNegating the possibility that passion may triumph over suffering (C)Deploring Kahlo's case where pai (D)n is a prerequisite for an artist

What is the best title for this passage? (A)The EcoARK building in Taiwan (B)Building with Bottles (C)Recycling Trash (D)Builders of the Philippines